The Effect Of Migration On Social Trust Of Residents In China

During the period of economic transition,China has achieved great economic achievements;however the level of social trust of residents is not optimistic.At the same time,since the 1980s,with the loosening of China's household registration system.the deepening of reform and opening-up and the development of market economy,the number of China's floating population is very large and it grows rapidly,appearing unprecedented waves of migration.According to the statistics,the number of floating population in China was 6.57 million in 1982,and it reached 245 million in 2016,"Mobile China" has become one of the important characteristics of our country.How will the population flow affect social trust of residents?The literature on this issue is still relatively scarce.Therefore,further discussion on this issue will help us to understand the influencing mechanisms behind the level of social trust of our residents deeply,which is significant for improving economic efficiency,increasing social welfare and promoting social integration.This paper is a theoretical and empirical analysis on the relationship between migration and social trust,following the idea of "observing phenomenon-putting forward problem-analying problem".Firstly,this paper proposes to examine the impact on social trust from the perspective of migration.Secondly,based on related theoretical basis,the paper constructs an analytical framework for population flow affecting social trust,and proposes research hypotheses.Then,using the data and empirical analysis methods to test and demonstrate it,the data include the 1%population sampling survey in each province(city.autonomous region)in 2005 and 2015.Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)in 2005 and 2015?microdatabase of 1%population sampling survey in 2005 and so on.The methods include ordered probit model under steady standard error?estimation of instrumental variable and some others.On the whole,this paper can be divided into five parts.The first part is the introduction of the paper,which is the program of the full text.It describes the research background.research issues and research significance of this paper,introduces the data and methods used in this paper,discusses the core concepts used in this article,and finally elaborates the research idea?research content and innovations of this article.The second part is chapter 1-2 of the paper,which is the theoretical basis of the full text.Chapter 1 reviews relevant literatures on population flow and social trust at home and abroad,especially the impacts of population flow.the influence factors of social trust and the relation between population flow and social trust.Chapter 2 reviews some theories about migraton and social trust,and discusses the mechanisms of migrationa affecting social trust.The third part is chapter 3 of the paper,which is descriptive analysis.It sorts out statistics on the policy background of migration?the status and trends of China's population flow and the social trust of residents in our country?the relationship between population flow and social trust.The fourth part is chapter 4-7 of the paper,which is empirical analysis.This part develops from four aspects:chapter 4 empirically studies the influence of population mobility on the social trust of residents in a region.Generally speaking,population mobility of a region is a comprehensive outcome of different forms of population flow,such as the region's migrant population?population outflow and internal population flow,therefore,the influence of migrants and population outflow on the social trust of residents may be different from that of population mobility.So,in the chapter 5,we discuss the migrants' impact on the social trust of inhabitants,and in chapter 6,discuss the impact of population outflow on residents' social trust in outflow areas.Besides,the individual's social trust may be affected by its own flow state.Therefore,in chapter 7,this paper discusses the impact of individual's flow state on its social trust.From the perspective of the logical relationship of these four chapters,chapter 4 makes a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between population mobility and social trust,and chapters 5?6 and 7 refine this analysis.The fifth part is chapter 8 of the paper.Chapter 8 is the main conclusions of the paper and proposes corresponding suggestions based on the conclusions.Finally,it points out the shortcomings of this article and the direction of research in the future.Through theoretical and empirical analysis,this paper has obtained the following main conclusions:First,the population mobility of one area has a U-shaped effect on the social trust of residents in the area.The population mobility rate is about 27.80%at the turning point of U curve.This basic conclusion remains constant after considering endogeneity and some robustness tests,such as replacement of estimation model?adjustment to the provincial level.The heterogeneity analysis finds that population mobility in a region has a significant U-shaped impact on the social trust of residents who are relatively young?low-education?employed out of institution and local residents.However,the impact is not statistically significant for ones who are relatively old?relatively high education?employed in institution and floating population.Second,the ratio of migrants also generates a U-shaped effect of suppressing at first and promoting subsequently upon the residents in region of population inflow.The proportion of migrant is about 14.84%at the turning point of the U-shaped curve.This basic conclusion is still valid after instrumental variable estimation and some robustness tests,such as replacement of indicator of migrant population?replacement of sample data.Further analysis shows that the migrant population has a significant U-shaped impact on the social trust level of the residents who are relatively young?with relatively low-education and employed out of institution.The effect have not been supported by empirical evidence for residents who are relatively old?with relatively high level of education and employed in institution.Third,the proportion of outflow population shows a U-shaped relationship with the level of social trust of residents.The ratio of outflow proportion is around 7.66%at the lowest point of the U-shaped curve.This basic conclusion is still valid after instrumental variable estimation and the robustness tests,such as replacement of indicator of outflow population?replacement of sample data.Further analysis found that proportion of outflow population has a U-shaped effect upon ones who are relatively young and rural residents.Besides,compared with the young,turning point of the U-shaped curve is relatively larger for the old.Fourth,there is no statistically significant impact on the level of social trust of individuals,whether the individual migrates or not?migrates across village within a county or across counties or migrates to cities.However,migrating to rural areas significantly reduces the individual's social trust level.In addition,individual migraton for ones whose education is relatively high or regions with relatively good levels of public service can significantly promote its own level of social trust,while for ones whose education is relatively low and regions where public service is relatively poor,the effect is opposite.The main innovations in this paper are:(1)The previous domestic and foreign literatures about relationship between population flow and social trust is still very scarce,this paper carries on the exploratory research.In content,the paper analyzes the effect that population flow has on social trust,on this basis,it further studies the effect that migrant population has upon social trust of residents in area of population inflow,that populaton outflow has upon social trust of residents in outflow areas and that individual flow has on social trust for themselves.At the same time,when we analyze the last part,the individual's migration includes three dimensions:whether the individual flows or not,the scope of the flow and the location of the flow.This article expands existing researches on content;there exists a promotion comparing with existing literatures.Coming to the result,it reveals the U-shaped relationship between population flow and social trust.Lv wei etc.(2017)also studied the relationship between population flow and social trust,but they found that the population flow would reduce the social trust,perhaps they don't consider the dynamic effect of the population flow.(2)This study constructs an analytical framework for the impact that migration has on social trust and extends the analysis of existing mechanism.(3)Existing researches carried out at the national or provincial level,but our research's perspective is locked on the level of prefecture-level city,compared with the provincial level,this paper makes the research object more representative and well-targeted,which is a new attempt.(4)This study enriches the socio-economic effects of migraton and helps to observe the impact which migration pose on society from the perspective of social trust.At the same time,social trust is a kind of informal institution,the research in this paper has certain implications for promoting the establishment and stability of this informal institution and it also help to enrich the research in the field of informal institution.(5)Taking into account the estimation bias caused by endogeneity,in empirical research parts,this paper has found instrumental variables,more concretely,it chooses "total power of agricultural machinery of per unit of cultivated land area" as the instrumental variable of population mobility and the propotion of population outflow and chooses "administrative region area of district under city" as the instrumental variable of migrant population,which overcomes the possible endogenous problem and makes the conclusion more robust.The two instrumental variables have not been used in study about this type of problem,which is a supplement to past researches.