Research On Regional Differences Of Basic Public Service Supply In China

Regional differences in basic public service are the main problems in promoting the equalization of basic public service.Establishing and perfecting the equalization mechanism of basic public service is the breakthrough point of realizing the major national strategy of regional coordinated development under the background of the new era,it is also an important manifestation of sharing the achievements of reform and opening up.In the past 40 years of reform and opening up,with the great changes of China's economy and society,the main social contradiction has been transformed into the the people's growing need for a better life and the unbalanced and inadequate development.Among them,regional disproportion is the main manifestation of unbalanced economic development in China.For a long time,regional disparity has attracted much attention both in academic circle and executive department.However,regional differences are generally regarded as the problem of income distribution.With the improvement of people's consumption structure,the discussion on regional differences should not be limited to income level,but should be extended to the level of per capita welfare.In reality,the difference of regional economic growth can not be completely balanced,but the per capita welfare level tends to be equal.Regional differences in basic public service are essentially regional differences in the supply of basic public service.The supply of basic public service is a historical category with diverse connotations in different historical periods.After the founding of New China,the connotation and extension of basic public service supply has been expanding in the process of economic growth and system reform.The level of basic public service is also constantly improving.Among them,the level of economic development,the reform of financial system,the transition of government functions,and the process of urbanization play an important role in the supply of basic public service.Therefore,from the theoretical and empirical point of view,this paper establishes a dual system research framework for the benchmark of equity and efficiency,then,it makes a comprehensive assessment of the current state of the supply of basic public service in China.On this basis,through empirical analysis,this paper explores the influencing factors?the improvement objectives and the status quo as it should be,and strives to effectively solve the problem of synergy between equity and efficiency of basic public service provision.At present,the existing research results fail to form a unified conclusion on the construction of the index system of basic public service supply.Especially the original definition of the connotation of basic education service can no longer meet the needs of the rapid development of intelligence and information technology for the basic quality of human capital,and the public service of science and technology is also relatively weak.Therefor,this article considers the public's demand for a higher level of security for survival and development.It expands the scope of "basic" measurement in educational service.At the same time,the contents of government technical support and supervision in scientific and technological service are newly added.On this basis,the evaluation index system of seven categories of first-level indicators and twenty-nine second-level indicators is constructed.The regional differences of basic public service supply are measured by coefficient of variation,Gini coefficient and Theil index.Through the results,we find that the gap level of basic public service supply in China is shrinking.Seen from the specific regional plate,the eastern region has the greatest difference and the central region is the smallest.The degree of equalization of basic public service supply in the central region is the most obvious.The contribution rate of Theil index in the central region has been fluctuating at a low level,which shows that the supply situation of provinces in the central region is not the main source of the difference in the supply of basic public service in China.The eastern region contributes the most to the overall difference,and this trend can be continued,with a small increase.It shows that the eastern region is the main source of the difference in the supply of basic public service in China.The western region has the smallest decline in the level of disparity,and the growth rate of its contribution to disparity is indeed the largest.It shows that the supply gap of basic public service in the western provinces is more complex,and there may be some polarization.Further convergence test shows that the supply level of basic public service in China has b convergence.The absolute b convergence rate of basic public service supply in the three regions is in the order of West,East and Central,and three convergence clubs are formed.Conditional b convergence test results show constringency in both cross-section regression and fixed-effect panel regression,convergence rate is faster than absolute b convergence rate.It shows that the effect of conditional factors affects the convergence rate,which is conducive to the realization of the goal of equalization of basic public service in China.Furthermore,at the present stage,the supply level of basic public service in China has the characteristics of regional agglomeration.This feature is fully demonstrated by systematic clustering analysis and drawing the economic and geographical distribution map of basic public service supply.The global sMoran'I and sGeary'C test show that there is significant spatial autocorrelation in the supply level of basic public service in China.According to the index of local spatial autocorrelation OrdGetis-'s G analysis,Tianjin,Hebei,Shanghai and Jiangsu are high-level aggregation areas of basic public service supply;Sichuan,Guizhou,Yunnan,Qinghai and Xinjiang are low-level aggregation areas of basic public service supply.The supply index level of basic public service in China is affected by urbanization rate,per capita GDP level,financial self-sufficiency rate and the proportion of local fiscal expenditure.The higher the relative level of local fiscal expenditure in adjacent provinces,it will lead to a decline in the BPS index of this province.The higher the level of local fiscal expenditure in adjacent provinces means that local governments' financial activities are more operable,local governents have more willingness and ability to invest in economic development.Under the background of interregional fiscal competition,it may lead to competition for economic resources and human resources in the province,which will affect the level of basic public service supply in the province.When investigating the eastern,central and Western regions,the impact of urban population density and financial self-sufficiency rate on the eastern region is less than that on the central region,and the total dependency ratio has a greater impact on the western region than that on the central region.The allocation of financial resource and its performance also have strong regional differences.Three-stage DEA model is used to evaluate the regional differences in the efficiency of basic public service supply.From the perspective of the efficiency level of basic public service supply in China,from the highest to the lowest is the eastern region,the central region and the western region.It shows that the supply index of basic public service is relatively high,local governments can continuously improve their operation and management ability in the supply process,and the efficiency level can be improved.The viewpoint of "learning by doing" theory can be verified.The central and western regions have a long way to go in improving the management level of basic public service supply and pursuing economies of scale.However,with the deepening of the project of basic public service for people's livelihood,the efficiency of financial allocation of local governments has decreased in varying degrees compared with the early stage,and the government's work is more difficult.Empirical results show that the government should pay more attention to the agglomeration of urban population and improve the level of local financial self-sufficiency.At the same time,in the process of urbanization,the government should pay attention to the prevention of such governance issues as the crowding effect of the agricultural population entering the city if urbanization is too fast,and take an objective view that the improvement of economic level may increase the cost of public resources supply,thus resulting in efficiency loss.According to the empirical analysis results,combined with the current situation in China,the article puts forward the following suggestions based on the framework of benchmarking dual-system research:Firstly,we should establish a legal system for the supply of basic public service,guarantee the priority supply of basic public service,strictly implement the performance evaluation mechanism for the supply of basic public service,pursue the inspection of efficiency and avoid the waste of public resources.Secondly,we should improve the public finance system,strengthen the cultivation of local financial resources in underdeveloped regions,raise the level of financial self-sufficiency rate,encourage the main bodies of various regions to carry out healthy competition and promote the rational flow of population.Thirdly,we should strengthen market-oriented reform,encourage the application of multi-subject co-existence and multi-channel co-financing mode of capital supply,and inject new management experience to improve the level of supply efficiency.Fourthly,we should strengthen democratic decision-making in government decisions,encourage citizens to participate actively,and ultimately enhance the effectiveness of basic public service supply.It is hoped that the goal of equalization of basic public service will be achieved and the coordinated development of all regions will be strided forward to a higher level and quality.