Research On Villager Autonomy In Rural China

Villagers' autonomy,which was born out of the people's commune system of "integration of politics and society",was initiated under the background of the reform of rural economic system and the promotion of national democratization.It is an effective form of grass-roots direct democracy and rural governance with Chinese characteristics under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and promoted by the high position of the state.It is also an effective way for socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics to operate at the grass-roots level in rural areas.Practice and great pioneering work.At the beginning of reform and opening up,this kind of democratic reform started from the creative attempts of grass-roots villagers and gradually developed to the universal establishment of rural autonomous organizations nationwide.The state has gradually institutionalized this form of democracy through legislative form,forming a scientific and complete legal system of villagers' autonomy,making it become institutionalized grass-roots democratic form and running on the track of legalization and institutionalization.It guarantees the legitimate rights and interests of hundreds of millions of peasants from the legal level and truly realizes ownership.Villagers' autonomy as a way of governance can not remain unchanged,it is to make adjustments with the times along with the development of society and the changes of reality.Therefore,in different historical periods,the form of realization of villagers' autonomy and even the expression of words will change.From the end of the 20 th century to the beginning of this century,the transformation from villagers' autonomy to the discourse system of rural governance has been realized.After entering the 21 st century,with the advancement of new rural construction and rural community construction,it is required to explore the practical forms of grass-roots consultative democracy after the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,especially the sound rural governance system of "autonomy,rule of virtue and rule of law" proposed in the report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has become an important policy discourse,realizing the transformation from autonomy to co-governance.This paper summarizes the effect and basic experience of rural grass-roots democratic development through combing and studying the rural grass-roots democratic development and specific practice in thepast 40 years of reform and opening up.This paper consists of six parts,including introduction and five chapters.The introduction part mainly introduces the origin and significance of this paper,the definition of the core concepts,literature review,research methods,key points,difficulties and possible innovations,and combs the theoretical origin of this paper.The first chapter is the rise of villagers' autonomy.This chapter makes an in-depth analysis of the background of the emergence of villagers' autonomy,which mainly includes the loose political environment,the implementation of contracted production to households,changes in social structure and cultural basis,and other factors.The process of the rise of villagers' autonomy is sorted out.From the establishment of the first villagers' committee to the universal establishment of the villagers' Committee in the whole country,the villagers' autonomous organizations are fully established in the vast countryside.The second chapter is the development of villagers' autonomy.This chapter discusses the initiation of villagers' self-government activities and the development of villagers' self-government.This period started with the promulgation of the Village Organization Law(trial implementation).It mainly started to establish rules and regulations,promote the demonstration activities of villagers' self-government to meet the standards,improve some rules and regulations related to villagers' self-government,carry out village affairs openly and innovate electoral models.The third chapter is the deepening of villagers' autonomy.In 1998,the Village Group Law was formally promulgated and implemented,the practice of villagers' autonomy was fully implemented,and the election of "real guns and live ammunition" was conducted at the turn of the century.Under the background of the new rural construction strategy,villagers' autonomy is facing new challenges,and the construction of villagers' autonomy system is gradually standardized and the election methods are constantly innovated.The fourth chapter is the promotion of villagers' autonomy.During this period,the state put forward the proposition of modernization of governance system and governance capacity.Rural governance with villagers' autonomy as the core is the cornerstone and practice field of the national governance system,which initiated the process of modernization of rural governance system and governance capacity,and began to explore the effective form of villagers' autonomy.In the context of entering anew era and major social contradictions and changes,the CPC Central Committee put forward the task of implementing the strategy of rural revitalization,and began to explore and practice the rural governance model of "three-in-one".The fifth chapter is the experience of villagers' autonomy.Through investigating the 40-year development process of villagers' autonomy,we have come to the basic experience: the most fundamental thing is to organically combine adherence to the leadership of the CPC,the people's ownership of the country and the rule of law,always adhere to the principal position of farmers,respect the pioneering spirit of farmers,keep pace with the times,continue to explore,adhere to the problem-oriented,step by step promote institutional innovation,take the social ownership with Chinese characteristics and take the road of socialist grass-roots democracy with Chinese characteristics.