Research On Occupational Attainment Of Land-lost Peasants

With the rapid urbanization of China,the number of land-lost peasants is increasing sharply,and the employment problem of those land-deprived peasants is being paid more and more attention.There are lots of academic research results to this employment problem.But these research results are not systematical and deep.With the political capital theories,the human capital theories,the status attainment model of Blau-Duncan and the segmented labor market theories,this dissertation is to discuss the occupational attainment of land-deprived peasants profoundly and deeply.Especially,there are three kinds of issues that the author wants to highlight.The first one is about the employment status,such as unemployment,working as employees and self-employment.The second one is about the income from work,including salaries and operating earnings.The third one is about the working stability,occupational development and job satisfaction when landless-peasants working as employees.Chapter 4 is to analyze the present situation of land-deprived peasants'occupational attainment.The results show that for all landless farmers,almost 60 percent are jobless,30 percent have been employed and 10 percent are operating independently.The employment proportion of men is obviously higher than women.Peasants between the ages of 30 and 39 are more likely to have a job than other age groups.The more higher peasants were educated,the more possibility they have been employed.Income of men is much higher than women.Age makes an inverted u-shape influence on income.Last year 60 percent of peasant employees worked continuously for 12 months.And only 10 percent of peasant employees enter into management positions.They show the highest satisfaction with work's safety and the lowest satisfaction with salaries than other aspects of the work.Chapter 5 is to discuss the effects of political capital on the landless peasants' occupational attainment.The effects mainly display in the following three aspects:(1)Party members are more likely to be employed,but village cadres are more likely to be unemployed or self-employed.(2)Wether party members or village cadres,their salaries are significantly lower than those of ordinary villagers after being employed.If being self-employed,party members have the higher net annual income than other peasants,and village cadres' income level is as amostly high as ordinary villagers.(3)After being employed,party members in villagers work more stablely,have better development prospect of occupation and more higher level of job satisfaction.As an employee,village cadre status does not bring positive effects on the employment stability and occupational development,but obviously enhances job satisfaction.Chapter 6 is to analyze the effects of human capital on the landless peasants' occupational attainment.The effects mainly includes the following three aspects:(1)Three factors inclouding education,Putonghua and health contribute to landless farmers to avoid unemployment.Highly educated people are more likely to be employed.In the choice of employment or self-employment,there is no obvious influence of Putonghua level and health status.Trained experience's impacts on employment status disappear completely.(2)Landless-peasants that more educated,speaking fluent Putonghua are more likely to earn higher salaries.The four factors of human capital have no obvious influence on net annual income of self-employed peasants.(3)The higher the levels of education,pensants' work would more stable,bring more opportunities for career advancement and higher levels of job satisfaction.Training experience and Putonghua skills all contribute to the employment stability,but have no positive effect on the occupational development and job satisfaction.Health status has no significant effect on employment stability and occupational development,but has positive effect on employee's job satisfaction.Chapter 7 is to discuss the influences of family resources on the landlost peasants'occupational attainment.The effects mainly display in the following three aspects:(1)The family social capital makes an inverted u-shape influence on the employment status.Family cultural capital contributes to land-lost peasants to avoid unemployment.In the choice of employment or self-employment,there is no obvious influence of the family cultural capital.The family economic capital also contributes to the employment of landless peasants,especially their self-employment.(2)Whether land-lost peasant is an employee or is self-employed,the positive influence of family economic capital to peasant' income exists all the time,but the influence of family social capital and cultural capital of family disappear.(3)To those landless peasants of being employed,the function of family resources mainly concentrated in the family economic capital factors.The family economic capital has positive effects on not only the employee's salary income,also their working stability,occupational development and job satisfaction.To employment stability,the family cultural capital has a positive effect,but the family social capital has a negative effect.These two sorts of family capital are no significant impact on the employee's salaries,occupational development and job satisfaction.Chapter 8 is to analyze the influences of labor market segmentation on the land-lost peasants'occupational attainment.The effects mainly display in the following three aspects.(1)The probability of employment of landless farmers in eastern China is highest,followed by probability in the central,the probability of employment in west is the lowest.In the choice of employment or self-employment,there is no obvious influence of regions.After getting a city hukou,landless peasants are most likely to be employed,and the possibility of self-employment is lowest.(2)Some factors including region and industry have significantly influences on landless peasants' work income,but hukou variables not.The employee's salaries in central region are higher than other regions.At the same time,salaries in the first industry are higher than the rest of the industry.The net annual income of self-employed peasants in central region is higher than other regions.And annual income of self-employed peasants in the third industry is also higher than the rest of the industry.(3)The eastern China' landless peasants work more stably than peasants in other regions.For the occupational development and job satisfaction,land-lost peasants in centural region are higher than other regions.Employees in the third industry work more stably than other industries.But there are almost no difference in aspects of occupational development and job satisfaction in all industrial sector.At last,the main findings have been concluded and refined,contributions and reflections have been discussed,and research directions in the future have been suggested.