Research On Governance Reform Of Russian State University In The Transition Period

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s,Russia entered the social transition period,and the political,economic,cultural and ideological system of the whole society underwent drastic revolution.The social transformation has broken the original internal and external governance model of national universities and given national universities new characteristics of governance in the new period.In the new period,many changes of the national universities of Russia have taken place in the system of governance.In external governance,the government gradually takes control of the national universities,by improving the construction of the relevant national laws and regulations,therefore the government can lead a series of national projects and plans,increasing national influence on universities,and ensure that universities developed in line with national strategies.The governance system of national universities with the participation of the market and society is the main feature of Russia's external governance at present,which gradually forms the situation that multiple subjects of the government,the market,the society and the university jointly govern.While the market and society have reinforced their influence on national universities,they have also increased their market behaviors.Economic factors have become important factors which influence national universities.On one hand,it has given national universities more energy.On the other hand,it has also led to some problems in universities,such as declining in education quality and short-term effects.Therefore,the country has to strengthen the construction of policies and regulations for guidance.While the multiple subjects jointly participate in the external governance system,the internal governance system of the Russian national universities has also undergone many new changes,which is mainly reflected in the increasing autonomy of the university,such as enjoying a relatively broad autonomy in teaching,scientific research,administration and finance.The functions of the internal institutions of universities have changed.In the centralized and long-term governance system,the power of presidents and academic committees is increasing,and the scientific research functions of national universities exceed the teaching functions.In the primary-level organizations of national universities,the department head and the head of the teaching and research section are still the main managers,but teachers,students,business owners,social interest groups and other subjects have the opportunity to participate in the joint governance of national universities,which also forms a model of collaborative governance.In this paper,the development process of the national university of Russia and the change of its governance system since the independence of Russia in 1992 are described systematically and given a detailed introduction,and the problems of the governance of the national university in the historical period of political,economic,cultural and ideological transformation are summarized.Beginning with the great Russian democracy and cultural ideology,we will utilize the theory of social transformation,system theory,governance theory and corporate governance theory,in order to reveal the reasons for the governance reform of national universities in Russia,summarize the characteristics of development,and look forward to the direction of the governance model reform of national universities in the future.The main opinions and conclusions of this paper are as follows:1.As the subject of higher education in Russia,national universities play an important role in Russian social,economic and cultural life.For Russian education consumers,the national universities are the first choice.The national universities represent the highest level and strength of Russian higher education.2.After the independence of Russia,there was a linear relationship between the governance of national universities and the transformation of national politics,economy,culture and ideology.The transformation of national governance concept and governance model will directly affect the development of national universities,which has different characteristics in different transition periods.The characteristics of the era of social transition are interwoven with Russian democracy,determining the basic features of the governance of national universities in each historical stage.The governance idea of rulers has direct influence on the governance mode of national universities.The governance system of Russian national university is full of the characteristics of nationalism Governmental power restrains and controls national universities from the top-down,including that the marketization of national universities is a result of government guidance and control.The development direction of national universities is determined by national strategies and the needs of government.The education policy formulated by the government guides the development direction of national universities and keeps the interests of national universities and the government in line.In the external governance system of national universities,the government is still in a dominant position,and forcibly bind national strategies to national university development goals.Correspondingly,the role of relative market and society in national university governance system is weak.In the power construction of governance mode,national university is in a relatively weak position.3.In the current society,due to the population crisis,the rise of non-national universities,and the existing problems of national universities themselves,Russian national universities apperceive the crisis.The crisis also accompanied with certain opportunities.In the process of coping with the crisis,national universities gradually reduced their dependence on the government and started to become independent social subjects to contact other organizations in the society.In this process,national universities became more open and diversified.The vitality of national universities has enhanced,and the universities will actively approach education service market to understand the demand of market,and gradually become independent social units.4.The internal governance model of national universities is the abbreviation of the external governance model.At present,the concepts of democratization and decentralization also promote the change of the internal governance model of national universities.The cooperative governance model of multiple subjects particpating together is becoming the main direction of the internal governance model reform of national universities.