Research On The Reform Of Provincial Higher Vocational Education Organizing System

After the reform of the management system of general higher education in the 1990 s,the state established a hierarchical management system of central and local higher education,mainly local.The central authorities authorized provincial governments to examine and approve the establishment of colleges and universities at the specialized level,and the central departments basically withdrew from the ranks of the main organisers of higher vocational colleges.Higher vocational education is mainly managed by the provincial government as a whole.Higher vocational colleges are mainly organized by multi-subjects within the provincial scope,which has become an important force to achieve the goal of the policy of popularization of higher education in China.Supported by national policy,market demand and local government funds,higher vocational education mainly focuses on the extension growth mode,and achieves scale development in a short period of time.At the same time,the development of higher vocational education has also been questioned.In addition to the quality of Higher Vocational education,the focus of query is mainly on the institutional obstacles of Higher Vocational education,and the voice of reforming the organizing system of higher vocational education is higher.Because of the coexistence of achievements and doubts,people are puzzled about the existence of "institutional obstacles" in the existing system of Higher Vocational education.If the problem is established,how does "system" hinder the development of Higher Vocational education? Behind these problems is the fairness and efficiency of the organizing system of Higher Vocational education.What is the reason for promoting or leading to the leap-forward development of higher vocational education or the emergence of "institutional barriers" to the issue of fairness and efficiency? How to remove the "institutional barriers",that is,how to change the organizing system of Higher Vocational education? To answer these questions,it is necessary to investigate the development of Higher Vocational Education in the medium-sized provinces,in order to give a theoretical explanation.The perspective of subordinate relationship fits in with the research on the organizing system of Higher Vocational education.In the organizing system of Higher Vocational education,the competent department as the main body of the organization and the higher vocational colleges as the main body of the school should establish a one-to-one corresponding subordinate relationship.According to the corresponding relationship between the subjects in the subordinate relationship,the organizing and managing system of higher vocational education has been established,and the relationship between the government and the management,investment and personnel management system,financial allocation management system and education and teaching business management system of higher vocational colleges have been determined.Therefore,the subordinate relationship is the core or essential relationship of the organizing system of Higher Vocational education.The influence of subordinate relationship on the running of higher vocational colleges is manifested in four aspects: the orientation of running higher vocational colleges to adapt to the external environment,the management matters involved in the allocation of internal resources,the key construction projects and the running status of Higher Vocational colleges.Grasping the influence of subordinate relationship on the running of Higher Vocational colleges,we can understand the function of the organizing system on the goal of fairness and efficiency in the development of Higher Vocational education,and then we can judge the direction and path of the reform of the organizing system of Higher Vocational education.The full sample analysis and case study of Henan province's public higher vocational colleges show that there are four types of Higher Vocational Colleges in the province,namely,provincial education departments,provincial industry bureaus,prefectural municipal governments and state-owned enterprises,which correspond to the provincial level of government-run schools,industry-run schools(department-run schools),local-run schools and Enterprises-run schools.The orientation,management matters,key construction projects and running status of Higher Vocational Colleges under different subordinate relationships show different characteristics,and there is a regular trend of growth and decline in fairness and efficiency.The affiliation relationship affects the orientation of Higher Vocational colleges.Target orientation reflects the purpose and ultimate vision of the host school.Professional orientation takes care of the functional boundaries and service areas of the competent government departments.The goal orientation and professional orientation of Higher Vocational Colleges in charge of provincial education department and Provincial Industry Bureau are influenced by the functions of former and current provincial education department or provincial industry bureau.The development of higher vocational colleges run by prefecture-level municipal government is influenced by the industrial policy of the economic and social development of prefecture-level municipalities,and the operation of state-owned enterprises affects the operation of higher vocational colleges run by state-owned enterprises.It shows that the orientation of running a school and the orientation of development after the establishment of higher vocational colleges are determined by the affiliation relationship.Therefore,the orientation of running a school and development of higher vocational colleges has been in an unbalanced state,affecting the efficiency of running a school in the categories of Higher Vocational Colleges under the affiliation relationship.Subordinate relationship affects the operation of management items in Higher Vocational colleges.Affected by the subordinate relationship,higher vocational colleges construct the management system and operation mechanism of core school-running matters such as cadres,personnel,financial allocation and education and teaching,which makes the different subordinate relationship between the categories of Higher Vocational Colleges present the phenomenon of different management systems and convergence of operation mechanism.In the aspect of cadre and personnel affairs,the competent departments lead the management of appointment and removal of leading cadres,take charge of personnel examination and approval,and highlight the "imprint" of subordinate relationship.In terms of financial allocation affairs,the financial allocation of Higher Vocational Colleges in different subordinate categories shows a regular trend of gradation according to the order of subordinate relationship.It also has the potential role of membership in educational and teaching affairs.The affiliation relationship affects the running status of Higher Vocational colleges.In terms of the efficiency of running a school,the DEA of the four categories of subordinate relationship of higher vocational colleges run by prefecture-level municipalities is relatively low.Within each subordinate relationship category,there are also differences in the relative evaluation of the fairness of school-running conditions and school-running efficiency among individuals in Higher Vocational colleges.It shows that the affiliation makes the relative evaluation of the fairness and efficiency of Higher Vocational Colleges different.To sum up,there are some problems in the practice of higher vocational education organization system affected by subordinate relationship.The problems are mainly manifested in the unbalance of the main structure,the deviation of policy effectiveness,the improper granting and receiving of power,and the weak investment guarantee.The problem is attributed to the coexistence of institutional differences and mechanism convergence among different subordinate categories of Higher Vocational colleges.The mechanism of the problem is that the "many" of system differences and the "one" of mechanism convergence complement each other,and the flaws coexist.The motive force of institutional change is the rational design of the government to carry out institutional change.The concept of change is "efficiency first,quality first,and fairness at the same time".At present,the organizing system reform of higher vocational education should take "efficiency" as the main value objective,maintain the existing organizing system structure,cultivate and develop industry associations,and highlight the response of the organizing system to the industry attributes of Higher Vocational education.