Research On The Upgrading Of Industrial Clusters In The Coastal Area Of China From The Perspective Of GVC And NVC

With the deepening of economic globalization,the industrial clusters in China's coastal area obtain rapid development through integrating into the global value chain,and they have become the important support of regional economic development.But for a long time,industry clusters in coastal area faces difficulty in upgrading,especially in the "capture" value chain governance mode dominated by multinational companies,the function upgrading faces greater difficulty.And in the current time,affected by the rising cost of factors,the upgrading pressure faced by industrial clusters in the coastal area becomes bigger and bigger.Therefore,how to break such a condition that "difficult to upgrading,more difficult to functional upgrading",and search for the path of upgrading of industrial clusters in coastal area becomes the main research content of this article.At first,this article reveals such a external factor,the governance of global value chain,how to affect the formation of industrial clusters in China's coastal area,and analyzes the development of industrial clusters in the coastal area,and the problems in the clusters of coastal area.On this basis,this article puts forward the upgrading path and mode of the industrial clusters in the coastal area combing the global value chain and the internal connection of cluters.Then,the article analyzes the cause and breakthrough condition of the functional upgrading obstacles faced by industrial clusters in coastal area,puts forward the functional upgrading paths of industrial clusters in the national value chain.Finally,the article validates the paths of functional upgrading.In general,the core content of this article includes four aspects:(1)From the perspective of global value chain,the article analyzes the upgrading path of industrial clusters in the coastal area after embedding into the global value chain.Embedding into different driving mode of global value chain corresponds to the different types of upgrading strategy of industrial clusters,and different governance mode of value chain corresponding to different prospects of industrial clusters' upgrading.For the industrial cluster in coastal area,most of them embedded into capture governance mode and buyer-driven value chain,thus they can obtain chance of process upgrading and product upgrading,but will face great difficulties when they try to carry out functional upgrading.Based on the analysis of global value chain and industry cluster,the article puts forward the upgrading path of industrial clusters embedding into the global value chain in coastal area.Generally speaking,at the enterprise level,the enterprise in the cluster of coastal area needs to access the technology transfer from multinational enterprises and improve innovation ability.At the cluster level,industrial cluster at the coastal areas need to form supporting industrial chain around the enterprises which are members of multinational purchasing system,to strengthen the network effect of export-oriented industrial cluster.At the same time,the industry association need to become the channel to connect the external and internal social capital,promote the exchange of multinational company and the industry cluster,to update and increase the social capital of the cluster.At the government level,public policy need to guide the industrial cluster to participate in the global value chain,adjust the time and mode of embedding the global value chain,to promote the upgrading of the cluster.And points out the upgrading mode of industrial clusters in the coastal area under the global value chain,which is,the process upgrading through the deepening of OEM and the product upgrading through the transformation of ODM.The case study of Ningbo garment industry cluster show that,these upgrading of pathes of industrial clusters in coastal area under the global value chain are realistic feasibility.(2)The article points out the breakthrough condition of functional upgrading obstacles of industry clusters in coastal area upgrade and the upgrading path.In the"capture" value chain governance mode,the multinational company control the technology and market,the industrial clusters in the coastal area lack space of functional upgrading,and they encounter obstacles of functional upgrading.Theoretical model analysis show that,the breakthrough condition of functional upgrading obstacles,is affected by two factors,one is the home-field advantage(including market,social capital,public policy,etc.)obtained by the suppliers in the clusters,the other is the difficulty extent of accessing to high-end elements.Therefore,on the question of how to choose the path of functional upgrading,industrial clusters in coastal area should build national value chain system rely on the local market,to obtain the space of functional upgrading.In the national value chain,there are three paths of promoting the functional upgrading of the industrial clusters in the coastal area through playing local advantages.At the cluster level,one path is to optimize the industrial organization system,and the second path is to increase the social capital of clusters.At the government level,the public policy needs to do adaptive change.Access to high-end elements for functional upgrading belongs to the path of enterprise level,namely through the agglomeration of producer services,to improve the innovation ability of enterprises in the clusters.The analysis of relational rent between cooperative enterprises in the value chain show that,after the industrial clusters achieve functional upgrading under the national value chain,with the competition ability attained from the national value chain,the enterprises in the clusters can form balanced governance type of value chain with multinational company,realize the continuous functional upgrading in global value chain.Therefore,relying on the domestic market to build national value chain,it will be a feasible path selection for the functional upgrading of industry clusters.(3)National value chain includes two modes,one is mainly rely on the core enterprise in the clusters leading to build national value chain,and the other is for the non-core enterprises in the clusters to build based on the specialized market.Theoretical analysis results show that,in the mode of national value chain dominated by the core enterprise,the core enterprise has internal motivation to subcontract value chain link to enterprises in the clusters,the organization system of industrial cluster can be optimized in the process,the core enterprise can enter into higher value chain link,and realize the functional upgrading,but also will promote the dynamic upgrading of domestic enterprises in the national value chain.In the national value chain relying on the professional market,the specialization of the professional market also optimizes the industrial organization of the clusters,and helps the functional upgrading of industrial clusters.In the national value chain,the rising social capital of industrial clusters in the coastal area and the adaptive adjustment of public policy is also the feasible path to promote the functional upgrading of industrial clusters.The case study about Leqing electrical appliance industry cluster and Shaoxing textile industry cluster shows that,such such paths to promote the functional upgrading of industrial clusters in cluster and government level are feasible.(4)The functional upgrading of industrial clusters lies in innovation,the agglomeration development of producer services is important channel to import high-end factors into the enterprises of industry clusters' innovation activities.Theoretical model analysis show that,the agglomeration of producer services offers enterprises' chance of cooperative innovation,enterprises participate in cooperative innovation can engage in more innovation activities.Based on city level panel data,the empirical results show that,the producer service agglomeration help to raise the level of industrial clusters' innovation on the whole,but there is heterogeneity in the niche industry.Further discussion points out,the national value chain relying on the local market belongs to buyer-driven at most time'and such clusters' main purpose is to make use of the domestic market to develop their own brands.Therefore,in the national value chain,the promotion of enterprises' innovation ability should devote to creating and developing their own brands,and realize the functional upgrading of industrial clusters.The case analysis of the Shunde household appliances industry cluster further support the path of function upgrading at enterprise level is feasible.From the perspective of global value chain and national value chain,combined with value chain analysis and the industrial cluster,the article puts forward the upgrading path of industrial clusters,and provides the thought can be referenced for the upgrading of industrial clusters in coastal area.