Research On Improving Off-farm Workers' Citizenization Ability In The Process Of New Urbanization

In close to 40 years of reform and opening up,socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era and China's economic growth has entered a new normal.The traditional demographic dividend and the globalization dividend showed a declining trend,and the economic growth gradually shifted from high speed of double-digit high growth to medium-to-high speed.off-farm workers' citizenization is the endogenous motivation for supporting China's economy to maintain its medium-to-high growth and realizing the smooth connection of Two Centenary Goals.It is also the core of solving the three dimensional rural issues,the solution to the problem of the dual structure and the supply-side structural reform,and an important way of promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.China's off-farm workers' citizenization in the city is a two-step process,that is,from peasants to off-farm workers,then peasant workers to citizens.As a special social group in the transition of economic and social system,off-farm workers have not become citizens in the true sense of the word,but have merely realized the geographical transformation in their occupation in the process of urbanization.At present,the off-farm workers' citizenization lags behind the industrialization and urbanization seriously,showing the characteristics of high cost,dualization of the process and semi-urbanization of the result.The development of urbanization of our country has entered human-centered new urbanization stage,the system obstacle of urbanization of off-farm workers was gradually eliminate with advancement of the equalization of public service,The willingness of citizenization of migrant workers has also increased with the new generation of migrant workers become the main part.The "intangible threshold" of migrant workers' own citizenization ability will become a key factor restricting the citizenization of migrant workers.On the one hand,economic integration is weak.Even if the central government,local governments and enterprises can share the external costs of citizenization,migrant workers themselves can hardly bear the private cost of citizenization.On the other hand,social integration is insufficient,social interaction is solidified,psychological sense of belonging is lacking,political participation awareness is weak,and human rights protection is weak.The key to solve this problem is to improve the citizenization of migrant workers.The existing researches have examined the institutional barriers and the willingness of migrant workers,and the research on the citizenization ability of migrant workers is less.Therefore,in the context of new urbanization,this paper innovates from two aspects: theoretical analysis and measure index,combining economics,management,sociology,statistics and other multidisciplinary research methods,using the 2014 CLDS data of sun yat-sen university to measure the level of citizenization of migrant workers,the cost model was adopted to measure the average annual total cost of migrant workers' citizenization from 2010 to 2016.Based on the above research,this paper illustrates the mechanism of human capital,social capital and power factors on the formation of the citizenization ability of migrant workers from the theoretical level.Using the ordered Probit model to analyses the factors affecting measurement,it is concluded that the degree of education,the number of training,work experience,professional skills,familiar with society,political participation,to participate in social security has significant effects to the urbanization of ability.Based on this,countermeasures and Suggestions are proposed to improve the citizability of migrant workers with education training,social network and social relations cultivation,household registration system reconstruction and social security system regression as the main path.The dissertation is divided into five parts,the basic contents are as follows:The first part is the theoretical basis.By clarifying the concept of urbanization and urbanization and analyzing the prominent problems faced by traditional urbanization,it is clear that the connotation of new-type urbanization is "people's urbanization".Combined with the todaro model and Lucas model,the influence of citizenization of agricultural transfer population on urbanization process is explained;according to the theory of poverty alleviation and the migration stage of China's labor force,the author puts forward the important influence of citizenization ability of off-farm workers on the process of citizenization of migrant workers.The second part is the historical evolution of the migration of Chinese labor force and the restriction factor of citizenization.According to the changes of the household registration system,this paper divides the transfer of Chinese agricultural labor into four historical stages:The first stage,the initial release of labor restriction in cities and the beginning of the transfer of agricultural surplus labor;The second stage is the large-scale formation of off-farm workers and the standardized management of migrant workers.The third stage is the protection stage of migrant workers' rights and interests.In the fourth stage,migrant workers gradually become citified.This paper analyzes the main factors restricting the citizenization of off-farm workers,and puts forward that the deficiency of citizenization ability of migrant workers is the main factor that restricts the process of citizenization.The third part is the composition and measure of citizenization ability of migrant workers.Firstly,the article points out the constitutive elements and characteristics of the citizenization ability of migrant workers.Secondly,using principal component analysis,the comprehensive index system of citizability is constructed from two aspects of economic integration ability and social integration ability,it is concluded that the economic integration of migrant workers is weak and social integration is insufficient.Finally,with the help of a cost model to measure the average annual total cost,the cost of public and private costs of the urbanization of rural migrant workers in China from 2010 to 2016.By using the game matrix analysis,the paper constructs the cost-sharing idea of citizenization,and puts forward that improving the citizenization ability of migrant workers is the key to solve the lag of citizenization of migrant workers.The fourth part is the influencing factors and mechanism of the citizenization ability of migrant workers.Firstly,the influence and mechanism of human capital,social capital and right factors on the citizenization ability of migrant workers are expounded.Secondly,Stata13.0 software was adopted and an ordered probit model was used to empirically analyze the impact of human capital,social capital,power factors and related other variables on the citizenization ability of migrant workers,it was found that education degree,participation training,work experience,professional skills,social familiarity,political participation and participation in social security had a significant impact on the citizability ability.The fifth part is the countermeasures to improve the citizenization ability of migrant workers.The countermeasures are proposed from the following aspects: first,based on the human capital perspective,the paper proposes to improve the human capital level of migrant workers through education and training.Secondly,based on the perspective of social capital,this paper proposes to cultivate the social capital of migrant workers based on the construction of "weak relations" and "contract type" social network and organizational social relations.Thirdly,based on the perspective of the right elements,the paper puts forward the rights of migrant workers with the reconstruction of the household registration system and the return of social security rights.