| Since the implementation of the "Provisional Regulations on National Civil Servants" in 1993,party and government agencies have hired civil servants in non-leading positions below directorial clerks,and have gradually implemented compulsory examinations and merit selections to ensure that grassroots civil servants have the necessary work ability.After the "Civil Servants Law" was formally implemented in 2006,it also institutionalized the education and training and on-the-job training of civil servants at all levels.Since the 18 th CPC National Congress,the central government has attached great importance to the political construction of the party.Local governments at all levels have also placed an important role in enhancing the political competence of civil servants,and have achieved significant results.The political qualities of civil servants at all levels,especially grassroots civil servants,political competence has been greatly improved.However,in recent years,there have been some problems in improving the political competence of grass-roots civil servants.For example,the political competence of grass-roots civil servants has not been fully adapted to work requirements,and there have also been some formalism and utilitarianism in the process of improving the political competence of grass-roots civil servants' problem.In view of the important status of grass-roots civil servants,how to optimize and improve the way to reinforce the political competence of grass-roots civil servants,and to continue to systematically improve the political competence of grass-roots civil servants has become a practical issue that needs to be studied and solved urgentlyThis article comprehensively uses the methods of literature analysis,questionnaire survey,statistical analysis,historical research,comparative research and other methods to study the current situation of grass-roots civil servants' political competence.In this paper,528 questionnaires were distributed and collected as samples from grassroots civil servants in 26 provinces in the east,central and western regions of the country through Internet.The research processes are:(1)using Likert five-point scale and observers' evaluation measured the level of political competence of civil servants at the grassroots level;(2)using the single-factor analysis of variance measures the influence of organizational and personal factors on politicalcompetence;(3)using the literature analysis studies the logical basis of political competence and its promotion,improving mechanism,reliability and validity;(4)using chi-square goodness-of-fit test method analyzes problems and improvement opinions of political competence education and training methods;(5)using historical analysis method studies the developing logic of communication exercise and administrative accountability,realistic problems and reasons;(6)using comparative analysis to study the ways of improving the political competence of western developed countries as a reference;(7)comprehensively proposing the optimization approach to the way of improving political competence.This thesis provided reference to build a team of grass-roots civil servants who meet the standards of good cadres in the new era,the standard is accountable,loyal,cleanness,and committment.Generally speaking,the political competence of grass-roots civil servants refers to their ability to be loyal to the country,constitutions,duties,performing their duties objectively,impartially,and fairly.Unlike western countries which adhere to the principle of "civilian neutrality",the political competence of grass-roots civil servants in China refers to the ability of civil servants to be loyal to the Communist Party of China,the people,the country,their duties,performing their duties sufficiently,objectively and fairly.The improvement of grass-roots civil servants' political competence means that grass-roots civil servants can continuously strengthen their national awareness,constitutional awareness,and awareness of their responsibilities in various ways,thereby improving their ability to perform their duties objectively and fairly in a complex environment.In China,the improvement of the political competence of grass-roots civil servants means that through education and practice,grass-roots civil servants continue to strengthen their ideals and convictions,continuously strengthen the "two maintenances" awareness,people-centered awareness,the awareness of loyalty,cleanness and commitment,improving their ability to perform their duties in complex environments.The research contents of this article contain:(1)proposing research questions;explaining the theoretical and practical significance of topic selection;sorting out research ideas,contents,methods,innovations and technical routes;(2)reviewing relevant literature and exploring research space;defining the meanings of related concepts such as grass-roots civil servants,political competence,and promotion of political competence,clarifing the connotation and extension of the concepts;according to the needs of research,conducting competency theory,public goodstheory,and job classification theory and providing theoretical support and guidance for research;(3)measuring the actual level of political competence and influencing factors of grass-roots civil servants,measuring the current political competence of grass-roots civil servants by means of other assessments,and analyzing their organizational and personal factors which influence the results,forming conclusions and laying the foundation for the following;(4)conducting an empirical research on education and training methods of political competence of grass-roots civil servants.analyzing the satisfaction of political competence education and training methods,the effectiveness of education and training,and future improvement strategies through questionnaires;(5)conducting a normative research on communication exercise methods and administrative accountability methods for improving the political competence of grass-roots civil servants,analyzing the two historical developmental logic of the methods,the problems faced by the current promotion methods,such as insufficient legal construction,insufficient motivation,poor guarantees,and lack of performance evaluation,etc.,and analyzing the reasons;(6)introducing extraterritorial experience in improving the political competence of foreign civil servants,analysis the promotion experience of market-oriented countries represented by the United States,the government-oriented promotion experience of represented by Japan,and the reference of the two promotion methods to the improvement of the political competence of Chinese grass-roots civil servants;(7)proposing the improved optimization path of the political competence of grass-roots civil servants.Improving the countermeasures from the three dimensions of "education and training","communication exercises" and "administrative accountability",including strengthening the construction of the rule of law,stimulating the promotion of motivation,implementing management innovation,improving the guarantee mechanism,strengthening supervision and evaluation,etc.,with a view to achieving the goal of effectively improving political competence for grass-roots civil servants;(8)summarizing the main research conclusions,analyzing the main deficiencies,and future research prospects.The innovations of this article are as follows:First,this article conducts research on improving the political competence of the grass-roots civil servants,and contributes some innovations in the research objects.Grass-roots civil servants are the largest number of civil servants,they are widely distributed,and serve the people directly.They are the bridge and bond between thegovernment and the people,so political competence should be the first level of competence of grass-roots civil servants.However,the existing research results regard the ability or competence of grass-roots civil servants as a whole,this paper proposes the concept of political competence,points out its core position in various competences,conducts in-depth study of political competence and promotion of grass-roots civil servants.Regarding the related issues,such research objects are definitely new.Second,this paper transfers the research from qualitative research to quantitative research,which has some innovations in research methods.Previous research mainly used qualitative research methods such as censorship and evaluation methods of family origin and class composition,daily observation and comment appraisal methods for conversational understanding.These methods made qualitative text descriptions according to judgment standards.Strong subjectivity and general expressions are not conducive to a comprehensive and objective grasp of political competence and its promotion process.Quantitative research methods are relatively easy to operate in academic research,more standardized,easy to compare,strong anonymity,and less subjective,and research data is also easy to obtain.By adopting mature survey questionnaires,using other observers' evaluation,self-evaluation,or a combination of the two measurement methods,the questionnaires are issued and recovered,and then the data are processed using statistical analysis methods to draw conclusions.Quantitative analysis can more accurately analyze the status quo and influence factors of political competence,the status quo and problems of promotion methods,and provide countermeasures and suggestions.Third,this article establishes a "three-dimensional framework" of "theory-practice-supervision" to enhance the political competence of civil servants at the grass-roots level and innovates in the research framework.In this "three-dimensional framework","theory" is the method of education and training;"practice" is the method of communication and exercise;"supervision" is the "administrative accountability method".According to the iceberg(onion)model of competence,this "three-dimensional framework" can change the five elements(knowledge,skills,self-concept,traits,motivation)in the competency model,and education and training can change knowledge,self-concept,and motivation;communication exercise can change skills,self-concepts and traits;administrative accountability can change skills and self-concepts.Compared with the existingresearch results,they often only focus on one aspect of the "three-dimensional framework",such as the dimension of education and training.The views in this article are not only completely new,but they should also be comprehensive in improving political competence. |
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