| The issue of the old left behind in rural areas is an unique "new staff" in Chinese society.With the rapid progress of urbanization and a large amount of young and strong labors going to work in cities,China's rural land has become a large-scale nursing homes and kindergartens without walls.All production and life activities in rural areas,in essence,are carried out around the two things of providing for the aged and caring for the young.The problem of the old left behind in rural areas is derived from the rural reform policy,which is a complex social problem accumulated over a long period of time.Furthermore,the old left behind experienced the historical changes of active arrangement,passive acceptance and division of labor,which means that the problem of the old left behind in China will exist in a long period of time.This study focuses on the key issues of what the government has done,how it has done,what needs to be done and how to do.Starting from the fieldwork of "Chinese supporting for elder in a village",therefore,we can feel the happiness,anger,sorrow and joy of the elders face to face.From vivid and rich oral stories and descriptions,we can find the origin,development track,crux and solutions of the problem,and finally put forward the research knot of the government supporting the "shadow supporter" theory and its system framework on.In this study,the problem characteristics of the left behind elderly were investigated regularly.For the first time in academically,the old left behind in rural areas are defined as those who live more than six months apart from their children or other dependants and their dependents.The driving time of their residences is more than 60 minutes,and those who live alone in rural areas with household registration are over 60 years old.The biggest difference between the left behind and the non-left behind is that they have children but their children don't live together.The most prominent feature of the left behind elderly pension problem is the temporary and partial lack of family support function,and the elderly are in the state of "quasi fact no support".Behind the cruel reality that difficult for the left behind elderly to receiving for the life security,health caring,mental caring and the dilemma of self-development,there is a serious lack of value culture for the aged in rural areas,the concept of inequality in the whole life cycle,the lack of public responsibility for the aged in the name of "filial piety culture",the distorted social positioning of "sound people" with unlimited family,and social responsibility,and the "three invisible hands" in the concept of providing for the aged in rural areas.The role of family,society and state is in a disadvantageous position because of the "bridge" nature of the old-age care for the left behind elderly is determined by the time stage,identity mobility and the transitional characteristics of the arrangement.It belongs to the special case of the old-age care,and forms the "triangle form" form of the old-age care in rural areas together with the normal old-age care in rural areas and the old-age care in country.This study examines the historical process and problem crux of the government support of the left behind elderly from the perspective of the "cross" space-time dimension of vertical historical observation and horizontal event comparison.It is pointed out that the government support for the rural left behind elderly is in the stage of "urgent remedy" support based on the elderly's self-sufficiency,and the family has the function of supporting the aged,not the government.Due to the misplacement of the government's responsibility and role,the direction of supporting security is facing adjustment.The functional design of "basic security" system should be corrected,and the policy tool space should be optimized.Based on the Grounded theory,this study explores the evaluation system and method for the elderly left behind to provide guidance for government support.For the first time,this paper analyzes the "leftover phenomenon" of Chinese social pension,puts forward the theory of "leftover index" of pension,and constructs the evaluation formula and model of leftover index of left behind elderly,which is composed of call index,income stability index,medical care index,card playing index "four dimensional sub index" and 16 specific indexes,to measure the matching degree of demand and supply,and accurately judge the old life Living conditions and care conditions provide more accurate basis and standards for policy formulation and service improvement.Under the guidance of meta governance theory,this study explores the direct theoretical basis of the government's special case support for the left behind elderly,and puts forward the theory of "shadow supporter" for the first time.Shadow supporter refers to the main body responsible for providing temporary old-age assistance to the elderly when the legal supporter fails to fulfill the temporary and partial obligation of support due to non subjective intention.It is the temporary and partial replacement of the role and responsibility of the legal supporter,and the replacement takes place when the function of the family supporter fails.The shadow supporter quasi definiteness is the attribute of government support,highly generalizes the core meaning of government support,and observes and solves the problem of the left behind elderly from a new theoretical perspective.According to this theoretical point of view,the primary theoretical basis for the government's support for the left behind elderly is the degree of realization of the elderly's support,rather than the problem of who is the legal supporter.In case of any lack of support,"shadow supporter" will play a role in "picking up the leftovers and making up the deficiencies" and provide basic theoretical guidance for the governance of "leftovers" of the elderly.Based on the theory of "shadow supporter",this study constructs a new system of "shadow supporter function bridge" supported by the government of the left behind elderly.Its biggest characteristic is to adhere to the needs orientation and problem orientation of the left behind elderly,to set the support content from the perspective of "support",to choose the support path from the nature of "crossing the bridge",which is very specific and purposeful,to better solve the problem of "decoupling" between the theory and practice of government support for the left behind elderly,and to explore the relative "closed-loop" solution to the problem of the left behind elderly,which is a pension society The enrichment and development of support theory can provide useful reference for the further promotion of the current rural pension reform. |
PDF Full Text Request