A Study On School Adaptation Of Migrant Workers' Children

Since the 1980s,a large number of rural surplus labor has flowed into the cities,forming a large number of migrant workers,a considerable part of which are married young and middle-aged labor force.The outward mobility of these rural parents directly affects and determines the family mobility arrangements for their children,including the mobility or stay-at-home arrangements,as well as the structural arrangements for living with their parents.The changes in family mobility arrangements caused by parents going out to work,superimposed by the differential effects of urban and rural development,have a variety of positive or negative effects on the adaptation and development of migrant workers' children.Different family mobility arrangements shape the internal and external development situations of children,such as family and school,in a variety of ways,which in turn significantly affect their adaptive development.For the children of migrant workers,childhood is the key stage of their individual adaptation and ability development,especially because the main activity field of children in compulsory education is school,we should pay more attention to the school adaptation of migrant workers' children.Good school adaptation is an important basis for migrant workers' children to further receive education and move towards society,and many negative consequences of maladaptation will have a far-reaching impact on their future development.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to study the impact of family mobility arrangements on the school adaptation of migrant workers' children,and to provide important reference value for the educational arrangement decision-making of migrant workers' families and the adaptation and development of migrant workers' children.At the present stage,the academic research on the school adaptation of the children of migrant workers has achieved rich results,mainly focusing on the comparative study of left-behind children and rural children or migrant children and urban children.However,it is rare to put the two groups in the same framework for direct comparison.In the existing comparative studies,most of them focus on the differences between the two homogenous groups of migrant children and left-behind children,lack of specific analysis of the detailed classification within the groups,and tend to examine one or more aspects of school adaptation.the overall grasp of multi-dimensional school adaptation is even less.Generally speaking,most of the existing studies are within the groups of migrant children and left-behind children,but there are few comparative studies on the two groups and their internal differentiation.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to pay attention to the differences of multi-dimensional school adaptation among different groups of children of migrant workers,especially the impact of individual psychological characteristics,family environment and school environment on school adaptation.Based on this,this study uses the Chinese education tracking survey data,based on the comparative perspective of family arrangement,to explore whether there are differences and specific sources in the dimensions of academic adaptation,psychological adaptation,behavioral adaptation and interpersonal adaptation of the children of different types of migrant workers.On this basis,this paper explores the situational differences of the influencing factors of migrant workers' children's school adaptation under different family arrangements from the comprehensive factors such as individual characteristics,family characteristics and school characteristics.in order to accurately evaluate the specific impact of family arrangement decisions on the multi-dimensional school adaptation of migrant workers' children in the context of rural parent migration.The results show that: firstly,the school adaptation of migrant workers' children is affected by family mobility arrangements,showing significant advantages in the structure of parents and the role of mothers.Compared with other types of family mobility arrangements,the parent mobility arrangement is an ideal type for migrant workers' children to adapt to the development of schools,while the mother vacancy left-behind arrangement is not conducive to the adaptation and development of migrant workers' children,especially the family mobility arrangement with the father.Specifically,although the multi-dimensional school adaptation of migrant children is significantly higher than that of left-behind children,only mobile children with both parents have a better level of adaptation.with single-parent migrant children and left-behind children have similar developmental disadvantages,and significantly lower than the left-behind children,while the left-behind children with their father perform worst in academic adaptation,psychological adaptation and behavioral adaptation.Secondly,based on the results of group differences between gender and grade,it is concluded that gender differences are reflected in the psychological adaptation of left-behind children(especially single parents)and boys' disadvantage with the mobility of both parents and the behavior adaptation of left-behind children;the existence of parents of the same sex guides the development of children's interpersonal adaptation;for academic adaptation,no matter what form of family mobility arrangements,the adaptation level of girls is better than that of boys.The grade difference is reflected in the seventh grade advantage with the mobility of parents,the academic adaptation of the left-behind children and the psychological adaptation of the children of the single-parent family,while the interpersonal adaptation only shows the ninth-grade advantage among the parents' absent left-behind children.Thirdly,there is a certain limit to the effect of family mobility arrangement,and the school adaptation of migrant workers' children mainly depends on individual initiative,family upbringing environment and school education environment.Comparing the influence coefficient of family mobility arrangement and development situation factors of each group,we can draw the conclusion that the influence of family mobility arrangement is relatively limited,while comparing the influence of all kinds of development situation factors in school adaptation of different types of children,it is found that the influence intensity of these factors is different due to different types of children and different dimensions of school adaptation.Therefore,the differences of school adaptation between the children of migrant workers and the development of school adaptation of migrant workers' children are not only the family mobility arrangements themselves,but also the differences of development situations under different family mobility arrangements.Therefore,to investigate the school adaptation of migrant workers' children,it is necessary to analyze the specific impact of family mobility arrangements on the development of migrant workers' children's multi-dimensional adaptation under the background of the development situation of different types of children.The above conclusions suggest that the problem of school adaptation of migrant workers' children should not be simply attributed to the decision-making of family mobility arrangements.We should not only pay attention to the direct impact of family mobility arrangements,but also explore and analyze the underlying reasons behind the effects of family mobility arrangements in more detail.Only by clarifying these problems can we provide better intervention programs and more effective improvement measures for optimizing the adaptation and development of schools for the children of migrant workers.The conclusion of this study has direct reference significance for the decision-making of migrant workers' family mobility arrangements,and has certain policy implications for promoting migrant workers' children to adapt to balanced development.Firstly,encourage the adoption of appropriate family mobility arrangements.Migrant parents take their children to the city,or choose the mother to stay at home with their children,which is of relatively positive significance to the adaptation and development of migrant workers' children.Secondly,pay attention to the balanced development of school adaptation of migrant workers' children.While paying attention to the adaptation and development of multi-dimensional schools,we should also focus on helping the children of vulnerable migrant workers.Thirdly,optimize the children of migrant workers to adapt to the development situation.On the one hand,optimize the targeted intervention measures at the family and school level,on the other hand,strengthen the cultivation of the internal characteristics of migrant workers' children.In short,the negative impact of mobility arrangements in separated families in the context of parental migration can be mitigated by cultivating individual personality traits and creating a high-quality parenting environment.