A Study On The Professional Dilemma Of Rural Teachers And Social Support Strategies ——A Case Study In Northeast China

Rural teachers take on the important mission of revitalizing rural education,strengthening education and preventing the intergenerational transmission of poverty.How to take effective measures to ensure that excellent teachers can "go to work,retain and teach well" is the key.Under the background of "building a high-quality education system" and "double burden-lightening policies",in order to realize the high-quality development of basic education,the premise is to realize the balanced development of urban and rural education.Rural education is a weak link in the high-quality education system.If we want to achieve high-quality development,we must attach great importance to the construction of rural teachers.The study takes "rural teachers" as the research object.Firstly,it interprets the meaning of rural teachers’ professional dilemma,then,based on resource conservation theory,two factor theory and social support theory,this study divides the rural teachers’ professional field into four dimensions: professional reward,work intensity and professional reputation,which constitutes the basic framework for analyzing rural teachers’ professional dilemma.This study adopts the research methods of text analysis,questionnaire survey and qualitative interview,1390 rural teachers in the sample area of three provinces in Northeast China were investigated,and 40 rural teachers were interviewed.On this basis,this paper analyzes the actual situation and difficulties of rural teachers in their professional development,explains the multidimensional causes of rural teachers’ professional difficulties,and tries to construct social support strategies to eliminate rural teachers’ professional difficulties from the perspective of social support theory.The results show that the career development dilemma is characterized by three levels: reward dilemma,teaching dilemma and reputation dilemma.The causes of rural teachers’ professional dilemma can be analyzed from the aspects of policy,culture,school and individual.Specifically,the policy implementation problems such as the difference of policy effect perception,the obstruction of policy implementation are the policy causes of rural teachers’ professional dilemma;The social causes of rural teachers’ professional dilemma are the gap in economic development,multi career differentiation,negative media reports and the decline of local culture;The relatively backward management level of rural schools,insufficient professional development support and worrying quality of students are the school causes of rural teachers’ professional dilemma;The individual causes of rural teachers’ professional dilemma are the lack of resource acquisition and "competition" ability,and the conflict between dedication ideal and "low ability" reality.Based on this,this study suggests that the top-level design of the system should be strengthened at the level of government policy support;At the level of public opinion support,carry forward the social ethos of respecting teachers;At the level of school development support,improve the remuneration of rural teachers;At the level of personal relationship support,enhance the resilience of rural teachers.