China's Energy Accounting In The Context Of Sustainable Development

Nowadays one significant problem of China's sustainable development is in the field of energy. Because of the complexity of energy issues and the restrictions of Chinese statistical quanlity, quantitative research of Chinese energy can not in-depth and fully reflect energy issues in China, which can be manifested in four aspects:Firstly, as lack of strong statistical capacity, the quality of energy statistics should be improved; Secondly, the widespread use of indicators derived from traditional economic accounting system inevitably makes the gap between the assessment results and the actual truth; thirdly, macro-accounting backward results in a narrow range of statistical indicators, inadequate level of decomposition, lack of coordination among the energy indicators, the corresponding economic indicators and environmental indicators; Fourthly, profound weakness of energy accounting resulted in neither more elaborated analysis techniques possible, nor the development and application of quantitative models which coincide with the fact.Under objective of assessment on sustainable development, indicator system should be extended and applied to verify the capacity of the existing statistical system. Then we can propose an accounting program for energy issue in sustainable development. The program includes accounting methods and statistical organization methods, considering both the ability and the reality, moderately advanced, providing a direction for the current statistics system to improve. The program should not clearly conflict with the objectives of various categories of statistics, disrupting their normal operation, while promoting coordination among them. So the program can reflect the thought of coordination in sustainable development.The concept of sustainable development promotes the statistical systems in: Broadening scope of statistics and strengthen the interface, coordination and consistency among various categories of statistics. Energy accounting pay more attention on broadening scope and interface, coordination and consistency related with energy issue. The content of energy accounting necessarily include the whole energy process from resource to emissions, impacts evoked by energy utilization on economical, social and environmental aspects, and the intersection of environment, economics And society with each other. In accounting procedures, the energy balance, relationship between supply and use, input-output relationship, relationship between stock and flow, the natural laws of energy, economy and ecology can be mimicked to show the association of variables.By examining the requirements of sustainability assessment in statistic, international statistical standards, experience of advanced countries and capabilities of national statistics system, By verifying statistical indicators, statistical standards, statistical methods systems, statistical basic work ,est., this paper tries to make the energy accounting program coordinated between the old fashion and the new one, having innovations and breakthroughs, operational, and appropriate forward-looking. On the basis of the argument, this paper raise a program for energy accounting aimed to sustainable development. The program includes five components: one basis, four levels of integration and a set of quantitative analysis.One basis is a statistical productive manner based on network, binding with survey and sort of data items derived from statistics which focusing in energy issue. Four levels of integration include: 1. application of energy balance integrating energy supply and consumption information; 2. an energy satellite accounts for SNA as an integrated framework organizes energy economical data, showing the interaction between the energy field and the rest of the economy; 3. SEEA-E as an integrated framework organizes information about interaction between economy and environment evoked by energy utilization. 4. 3E (energy, environment, economy) Integrated Framework. A set of quantitative analysis refers to the construction of mathematical models, or a variety of creative mathematical analysis based on the four levels of integrated accounting. The discussion of the quantitative analysis firstly conjunct in explanation of four levels of integration, lately highlighted in five part of specific actual data analysis of sustainable development in china. The method of analysis does not cover all, but with data-based and representative. This five-part take the four integrated level as its backbone, the backbone bridge the other two parts, standardizing and organizing the survey based on data items and the statistical product compilation,providing the energy, economic and environmental framework for comprehensive quantitative analysis.The program provides a statistical framework for coordination, which can organize decentralized energy statistics and accounting data. It not only prepares standards for survey and sort of the energy data items in energy issue, but also advice for coordination among energy statistics, economic statistics and environmental statistics. It prepares not only information on energy supply and consumption, but also information of energy associated with economic, and of economical and environmental interaction effects caused by energy utilization, reflecting the macro information within a country with regulated micro-foundation; It prepares clear and logical guidance not only to produce indicators data, but also to build complex models for mathematical analysis, based on energy accounting.In the empirical analysis part of this paper, specific data of China, Yangtze River Delta and Shanghai are used to compute transregional energy balance sheet, SEEA-E, decomposition of energy intensity, input and output accounting and comprehensive evaluation. Then based on the principles of sustainable development, analysis is advanced on various statistical topics, binding accounting methods, conclusions and policy recommendations given.1. Using energy balance of the Yangtze River Delta, this paper decomposes energy flow into different stages, analyses their indicators of energy quantity, structure, dynamics and intensity; reflects the structure characteristics, regional differences, dynamics, and development trend of energy consumption; reveal the unique linkages between energy and resources, economic in the Delta. 2. Based on the energy intensity decomposition method—Log Mean Divisia decomposition method, one amended decomposition method is proposed. The method is used to analyze china's energy consumption and economic output data during1991-2007. The change of the indicator, energy consumption per unit GDP ,in this period of time, is decomposed in five effect factors (structural effects, sectoral intensity effect, processing effects, transmission and distribution effects, as well as the proportion of terminal effect) .The conclusions and policy recommendations is raised after the decomposition results and relevant analysis.3. A quantitative indicator of energy constraint is first proposed, named energy restricting factor. In the framework of input-output analysis, we prepare a 1997?2002?2007 hybrid energy input-output extended tables to calculate energy restricting factors, energy prices, energy intensity and the proportion of industrial structure for industrials; Based on LMDI decomposition model, changes of energy restricting factor of overall production is analysis by three factors (energy prices, energy intensity and industry structure) .We found that energy prices are the most important reason affecting changes of energy restricting factor of overall production. So we can put forward specified policy recommendations.4. Using SEEA-E flow accounting method to account energy use and emissions from energy use in Shanghai in 2007, this paper establishes an energy products physical supply table, an energy products physical use table, a CO2 emissions from energy use (supply) table and a 3E- correspond table. And then analyzes a variety of energy consumption and sources of pollution, analyzes their relative importance, compares and analyzes relative importance of six categories of industry about economic output, energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Based on the accounting and analysis, this paper raises some recommendations on energy-saving and emission reduction.5. This paper analyzes fuzzy characteristics of comprehensive evaluation of sustainable development, and then establishes multi-dimensional and multi-faceted sustainable energy development indicators system for the Yangtze River Delta. Fuzzy mathematical methods applied to assess the sustainable level of key elements in the indicators system, AHP applied to determine the weight, thus this paper can make the comprehensive evaluation of sustainable energy development for three geographical space in the Yangtze River Delta.The contribution and innovation of this dissertation are manifested in the following three aspects:1.statistics and accounting: the term of“network statistical production manner is proposed in this paper, which may be the future mainstream of the world's way of statistical data production. From three aspects: the statistical basic agreement, statistical classification standards and integrated accounting protocol, international recommended statistical standards are summarized. China's current situation and problems of statistics and accounting is assessed, in accordance with the assessment of sustainable energy issues and referred international standards and advanced experience. The program of China's energy accounting (SDCEA) in the context of sustainable development is proposed. the program can be used as the framework coordinating different statistics, organizing distributed energy statistics and accounting data, as an analytical framework for sustainable development of energy issues. Based on that, complex mathematical analysis can be designed.2. Indicator system: when international related researches are reviewed, countries'indicator systems being the main tracking object because of numerous related researches, the intention is to realize the measure scope of indicator systems which are categorized in three models. When it comes to domestic researches, the focus is on their official statistics need, feasibility, and anatomy about the complex issues of energy, it is more detailed reviewed from two directions: policies correlation and disciplinary development. In this paper, the use of indicators and indicator system to assess the issue of energy for sustainable development were fully discussed, revealing the internal mechanism of the indicators system evaluation. This paper presents an extended system of sustainable development indicators for energy issue, providing an ideal version of the comprehensive coverage of the indicator system, choices for data items of basic statistical units and indicators of indicators system.3.Energy accounting analysis: based on trans- regional comprehensive energy balance which is derived from provinces'comprehensive energy balance, analysis are around the energy flow, using structure, compare, intensity and development statistical indicators; based on comprehensive energy balance structure, the modified Log Mean Divisia decomposition method is established, decomposing the influence effects of the indicator“energy consumption per unit GDP”; 1997 ? 2002 ? 2007 China's hybrid energy input-output tables are compiled, the the proportion the industrial structure of GDP, energy intensity, energy consumer prices and energy constraints factor are calculated and analyzed, the factors influenced energy constraints factor are calculated and analyzed based on the Log Mean Divisia decomposition model; using SEEA method to compile SEEA-E for Shanghai, its structural analysis and strength analysis are elaborated.