| Since the reform and opening up in 1978,China's economy has embarked on the road of high-speed development,made remarkable changes,and foreign trade has undergone tremendous changes.Up to now,China has become the world's largest trade country in goods,with its total trade volume in goods growing from US $20.6 billion in 1978 to US $4.6 trillion in 2019.The total amount of export goods has grown from US $9.8 billion in 1978 to US $2.5 trillion in 2019.However,high-speed growth is not equal to high-quality growth.Overall,China's foreign trade mainly depends on the expansion of quantity,and the improvement of product quality is relatively slow.How to promote the high-quality development of trade and cultivate new advantages of foreign trade competition is an urgent problem to be solved under the new normal background.With the weakening of trade tariff reduction space,reducing the "nonefficiency" barriers in the process of trade transactions has become a new breakthrough.Especially since the WTO implemented the Trade Facilitation Agreement in 2017,the promotion of trade facilitation has increasingly attracted the attention of countries and international organizations over the world.Customs clearance facilitation is of the utmost importance which has naturally become one of the hot issues studied by scholars.So,with the facilitation of import customs clearance in the destination countries,how does the quality of export products of Chinese enterprises change? Is it going up or down? And how does the import custom facilitation affect the quality of enterprises' export products? The starting point of this paper is based on the discussion of these problems.Clarifying the above problems will help our country to achieve high-quality economic development as soon as possible under the background of new normal.As an important micro subject of economic activities,multi product enterprises are directly related to production and export decisions in foreign trade,and play a very important role in it.So,compared with the study of macro-economy,it is also of great significance to pay attention to the behavior of multi product micro-enterprises.For multi product enterprises,their export behavior is not only the adjustment of enterprises' entering and exiting market and export scale,but also the adjustment of the cope,price and quality of export products.In order to study the effect of import custom facilitation of destinations on the product quality of multi product enterprises,drawing on the Hallak and Sivadasan's(2013)method of introducing endogenous product quality into the single product enterprise model,this paper introduces endogenous product quality into the multi product enterprises analysis framework of Bernard et al.(2006),so as to build a multi product enterprise analysis framework that includes both enterprise productivity and quality production capacity.In recent years,introducing product quality into enterprise heterogeneity model and expanding the single model of enterprise to multi product enterprise model are the ideas to expand the theoretical model,which breaks through the limitations of the hypothesis of single productivity heterogeneity and single product production in the heterogeneous enterprise theory represented by Melitz(2003),and has gradually become a frontier research field of the New-new trade theory.Based on the above realistic background and theoretical development status,this paper attempts to analyze the impact of import customs clearance facilitation of the destination country on the quality of export products of Chinese enterprise under the analysis framework of multi-product heterogeneity enterprises,and make the empirical test using the Chinese Customs Database and Doing Business Report of World Bank from 2007 to 2011.The basic structure of the paper is as follows: Chapter 1 is the introduction,which mainly elaborates the research background and significance,builds the research framework and points out the possible innovation points.Chapter 2 is a literature review,which mainly focuses on customs clearance facilitation,export product quality and the impact of customs clearance facilitation on the quality of export products.Chapter 3 is the theoretical analyze of the influence of import customs clearance facilitation on the quality of export products.Firstly,this chapter constructs the theoretical framework of multi product enterprise analysis including the dual heterogeneity of enterprise productivity and quality production capacity,and explain the effect from the perspective of the model.And then theoretically analyzes the different channels of import custom facilitation affecting the export products' quality of enterprises with different quality levels.Chapter 4 is the measurement and analysis of the import customs clearance facilitation and the quality of China's export products.This chapter fisrt reviews the development practice of promoting customs clearance facilitation in representative economics,then introduces and measures the import custom facilition and China's export product quality in detail,and makes comparative analysis on different level to enhance the understanding of it.Chapter 5 is the analysis of the impact of customs clearance facilitation of importing countries on the quality of products exported by enterprises to a certain destination.Chapter 6 uses effective experience method to analyze the different channels of import custom facilitation affecting the export products' quality of enterprises with different quality levels respectively.Chapter 7 is an analysis of the impact of import customs clearance facilitation of the destination countries on the quality of export production at the macro level.And decompose the quality change of export products at the macro level,reveals the reasons for the difference in the impact of import custom facilitation on the quality of export products at the macro level and the micro level.Chapter 8 is the conclusions,suggestions,research deficiencies and prospects.The main conclusions are as follows:First,overall the import custom facilitation of destinations has a significant role in promoting the quality of the products of Chinese enterprises,but the impact on enterprises with different quality levels is different,specifically,it can promote and inhibit the export product quality of low-quality enterprises and high-quality enterprises respectively.It is also found that the impact is heterogeneous on exterprises with different enterprise,industry and export destination country characteristics.Second,from a dynamic perspective,the quality if export products at the enterprise level is found to be in an inverted “U” relationship between the quality of export products and the export duration.With the increase of export duration of enterprises,the import custom facilitation of destinations also plays an important role in promoting the quality of enterprises' export products.In addition,the import customs clearance facilitation has a certain long-term effect on the upgrade of the export product quality of enterprises.Third,the improvement of import custom facilitation increases the number of enterprises entering the market of destinations and intensifies the competion.Enterprises with different quality frontier gap face different threats when facing competion,so they will make different choices,resulting in different effects and mechanisms of import custom facilitation on the quality of export products of enterprises with different quality levels.The import custom facilitation can promote the quality upgrading of low-quality exterprises through “competition free effect” and can restrain the quality upgrading of high-quality enterprises through “cost saving effect”.Fourth,the import custom facilitation has a significant role in promoting the quality of export products at the macro level.The results of decomposing the quality changes of China's export products show that “resource reallocation effect” is an important channel for the import custom facilitation to promote the quality upgrading of China's export products.And the difference of the effect of import custom facilitation on the quality upgrading of export products at the micro level and the macro level is precisely due to this.Compared with the existing literature,this paper attempts to conduct exploratory research in theoretical and empirical aspects,and the innovation is reflected in:Firstly,this paper combines the import custom facilitation of the destination country with the quality of the export products of Chinese enterprises,which provides a new research perspective for the quality upgrading of the export products of China,and has important practical significance for realizing the rapid development to highquality development in China.In the past research,it mainly discussed the impact of the import custom facilitation of the export destination country on the export scale or the impact of the domestic trade facilitation on the quality of domestic enterprises.Few studies combined the import custom facilitation of export destination countries with the quality of export products of export enterprises.In the case of few relevant literature,this paper makes a preliminary attempt.Secondly,based on the analysis framework of multi-product heterogeneity enterprises,this paper attempts to add endogenous product quality of enterprises,and build a multi product enterprise model with dual heterogeneity of enterprise productivity and quality production capacity.Using the expanded theoretical model to explore the impact of import custom facilitation of destinations on the quality of export products of enterprises in exporting countries.It overcomes the limitations of the previous models which only consider single product enterprises or externalization of product quality of multi product enterprises.Thirdly,for the first time,this paper analyzes the mechanism of import custom facilitation affecting the quality of export products of differentiated quality enterprises from the perspective of competion.At present,in the literature that studies the effects of customs clearance facilitation and the quality of export products,no scholars have been found to explain the impact mechanism from the perspective of competition.This conclusion contains two new policy implecations: first,the government should establish closer cooperation relationship with trading partners,and give low-quality exprt enterprises a more optimized customs clearance environment,so as to give full play to their quality upgrading effect;second,it is not a long-term plan to promote the high-quality development of Chinese enterprises by using custom facilitation.The state should help high-quality enterprises introduce more advanced technology and create a more superior innovation environment to realize sustainable and high-quality development of enterprises. |
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