The Effect Of Farmers' Behavior Of Quitting Rural Residential Land On The Welfare Of Farmers Based On The Perspective Of Farmers' Differentiation

In recent years,remarkable achievements have been made in the rapid development of China's agriculture and rural economy.To further deepen rural reform and implement the rural revitalization strategy is an inevitable requirement for realizing the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation.Rural residential land reform is an important part of the rural "three plots" reform.At present,the rural residential land in China has the problems such as exceeding the standard area,more than one household,high vacancy rate and low efficiency utilization.The quitting rural residential land is the objective requirement of deepening the reform of rural residential land system and realizing the innovation of rural residential land system.In practice,many places in China have carried out typical pilot work of quitting rural residential land.In addition,with the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization,the number of non-agricultural employment opportunities in urban industries increases.In addition,as the urban-rural dual household registration system loosens,the dependence of farmers on land decreases,and the rural labor force shifts from land to urban industry,the phenomenon of farmer differentiation appears.Under the background of the policy of quitting rural residential land,the differentiation degree of farmers is further intensified.There are great differences between the differentiated and homogeneity of farmers in production behavior,policy demand and other aspects.However,the policy of quitting rural residential land is "exit first,compensation later",and the compensation lacks diversity,the characteristics of intensified differentiation of farmers after quitting rural residential land were not considered,and compensation was not given to different types of farmers according to their policy(compensation)demands,it is difficult to improve the welfare level of farmers after quitting rural residential land,which hinders the smooth implementation of the policy of quitting rural residential land.It can be seen that,from the perspective of farmers' differentiation,discussing the impact of farmers' behavior of quitting rural residential land on their welfare has important theoretical value and practical significance for improving the policy of quitting rural residential land,improving the welfare level of farmers' and promoting the implementation process of the policy of quitting rural residential land.Based on a systematic review of welfare economics,feasibility theory,external theory,institutional change theory,property rights economics theory,satisfaction theory and social differentiation theory,constructing the theoretical logical framework of the influence of quitting rural residential land on farmer differentiation,the influence of farmer differentiation on policy evaluation,and the influence of quitting rural residential land and farmer differentiation on farmer welfare,using the farmers' survey data of Jinzhai county,Anhui province,which was the pilot site of quitting rural residential land in 2018,from the perspective of farmers' differentiation,this paper explores whether the behavior of quitting rural residential land exacerbates farmers' occupational differentiation and income differentiation.This paper compares the specific differences of the policy evaluation of different farmers and its main obstacle factors,analyzes the compensation demands of different farmers for quitting rural residential land,and explores the influencing factors of the policy evaluation of different farmers.The evaluation index system of farmers' welfare was constructed from five aspects of family economy,social security,living conditions,living environment and psychological emotion,and the welfare value of farmers before and after quitting rural residential land was calculated and analyzed.Explored the impact of quitting rural residential land on farmers' welfare and the differences of the impact on different farmers' welfare.On this basis,considering the specific implementation plan of the policy of quitting rural residential and farmers' compensation demand for quitting rural residential land,this paper analyzes the influence of factors such as compensation amount,compensation method,compensation account disclosure,compensation fund supervision and management on the changes of welfare of different farmers,it provides reference basis for improving the welfare level of farmers' and ensuring the smooth implementation of the policy of quitting rural residential land.According to the above perspective and logic,the main research conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)This paper analyzes the actual situation and existing problems of farmers who quitting rural residential land.By analyzing the actual situation of farmers who quitting rural residential land in terms of farmer differentiation,compensation and satisfaction,family living conditions,family living environment,community activity participation,farmer's medical treatment,children's schooling and daily consumption expenditure,it is found that the differentiation of farmers is intensified after quitting rural residential land,the types of compensation obtained by farmers after quitting rural residential land are single,the evaluation of compensation obtained by different farmers who quitting rural residential land is different,and it is difficult to improve the welfare level of farmers after quitting rural residential land.(2)To analyze whether the behavior of quitting rural residential land can intensify the differentiation of farmers.On the basis of constructing the theoretical framework of the impact of quitting rural residential land on farmers' differentiation,this paper uses the ordered Logit,ordered Probit,PSM model and mediating effect model to explore the impact of quitting rural residential land on farmers' differentiation and its action path.The results show that: the behavior of quitting rural residential land has intensified the differentiation of farmers.The behavior of quitting rural residential land has a positive and significant effect on the occupational differentiation of farmers.The behavior of quitting rural residential land promotes the non-agricultural transfer of rural labor force by raising agricultural operating cost,increasing family debt and improving the convenience of out-migrating for work,which intensifies the occupational differentiation of farmers.The behavior of quitting rural residential land has a positive and significant effect on the income differentiation of farmers.The behavior of quitting rural residential land reduces the operating income of farmers and increases the wage income.Moreover,the intensity of the impact of the behavior of quitting rural residential land on the wage income of farmers is greater than the operating income,so that it has a positive impact on the total household income of farmers,can increase the total household income,and aggravates the income differentiation of farmers.(3)Analysis of different types of farmers' demand for the policy of quitting rural residential land.Based on the construction of the evaluation index system of the policy of quitting rural residential land,the entropy weight improved TOPSIS method and the obstacle degree model were used to compare the differences of different types of farmers' policy evaluation and the main obstacle factors from the perspective of farmers' differentiation,and to analyze the specific needs of different types of farmers for the policy of quitting rural residential land.The results show that: different farmers have different compensation demands for quitting rural residential land.Farmers in Jinzhai County,Anhui province have a good evaluation on the policy of quitting rural residential land.With the increase of farmers' occupation differentiation and income differentiation,their evaluation of the policy of quitting rural residential land is also higher.Different farmers have different obstacle degrees in criterion level and indicator level for the policy evaluation,that is,different farmers have different compensation demands for quitting rural residential land.(4)Analysis of welfare changes of different types of farmers before and after quitting rural residential land.Based on the practical ability of the theoretical analysis framework,from the family economy,social security,living conditions,living environment and psychological emotion five aspects to build the evaluation index system of farmers welfare,using expert scoring method and the method of entropy weight method to determine the index weight,calculate the welfare of farmers' land out of before and after value,to explore the welfare changes of farmers with different occupational differentiation and income differentiation before and after quitting rural residential land.The results show that: the welfare level of farmers has been improved after quitting rural residential land.The welfare level of different farmers after quitting rural residential land varies,and the welfare level of farmers after quitting rural residential land with high occupational differentiation and high income differentiation is relatively large.From the perspective of the impact on the functional activities of farmers,the behavior of quitting rural residential land has improved the family economy,social security,living conditions,living environment and psychological and emotional conditions of different farmers.Among them,the social security and living conditions have been greatly improved,while the family economy,living environment and psychological and emotional conditions have been only slightly improved.(5)Analysis of the effect of quitting rural residential land on the welfare level of different types of farmers.Based on the theoretical framework of farmers' behavior of quitting rural residential land,farmers' welfare and farmers' differentiation,the PSM model is used to explore the impact of quitting rural residential land on farmers' welfare level,and further study the difference of the impact of quitting rural residential land on different types of farmers' welfare level.The results show that: the behavior of quitting rural residential land has a positive and significant influence on the welfare of farmers.Based on the perspective of farmer differentiation,the effect of quitting rural residential land on the welfare of farmers with different occupational differentiation is different.The effect of quitting rural residential land on the welfare of non-farmers is the strongest,followed by part-time farmers and pure farmers.The effect of quitting rural residential land on the welfare of farmers with different income differentiation is different.The effect of quitting rural residential land on the welfare of high-income farmers is the strongest,followed by middle-income farmers and low-income farmers.(6)Analysis of the effect of exit compensation on the change of different types of farmers' welfare.The results show that: the impact of compensation plan of quitting rural residential land on the welfare of different farmers is different.Considering the implementation plan of the policy of quitting rural residential land and the compensation demand of farmers who quitting rural residential land,the compensation of quitting rural residential land,the way of compensation,the disclosure of compensation accounts,the supervision and management of compensation funds,the process of policy agreement signing,the effect of compensation and compensation for loss and the adaptability of life all have positive and significant influences on the changes of welfare.The amount of compensation,the disclosure of compensation accounts and the supervision and management of compensation funds have a significant positive impact on the welfare changes of different farmers.Compensation mode and policy agreement signing process only have significant positive influence on middle income,high income,part-time employment and non-farmers.The compensation effect and life adaptability only had significant positive effects on the low-income farmers and the pure farmers.According to the above research conclusions,this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions,such as the policy of quitting rural residential land should be implemented gradually and differentiated according to the types of farmers,improve the content of the policy of quitting rural residential land,focus on the impact of the policy of quitting rural residential land on the effect of compensation for loss and life adaptability of low-income and pure farmers,enrich the methods of compensation for the policy of quitting rural residential land for middle income,high income,part-time jobs and non-farmers,reduce the complexity of policy agreements for middle income,high income,part-time and non-farm household,improve the supporting policies of quitting rural residential land and the compensation accounting,strengthen the construction of environment in resettlement areas,enrich the psychological emotion of farmers who quitting rural residential land.