| Ethnic areas are the main and decisive battlefields for China's poverty alleviation.General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that “No one should be left out of the comprehensive construction of a well-off society;one cannot be left behind on the road to common prosperity.” The Chinese government's goal of poverty eradication is firm and consistent.At present,the new patterns of the distribution of poverty-stricken population make it necessary to get into the core of poverty alleviation and development work in villages and households.The traditional idea of macro poverty alleviation is to drive the poverty-stricken population out of poverty by regional economic growth,which has exposed many problems,and the understanding of the complexity of poverty-stricken society is not enough.It is urgent to re-examine the grassroots details and specific implementation tracks and analyze it scientifically to explore an effective way to achieve the goals of targeted subject in village tourism poverty alleviation.After more than 30 years of development in poverty alleviation by tourism in ethnic minority villages in Guizhou,it has gained a lot of useful experience in realizing poverty reduction,cultivating rural industries,protecting traditional villages,and inheriting ethnic culture.Sorting out the development history,experience and lessons of tourism poverty alleviation in ethnic villages in Guizhou is of great significance for exploring the better use of tourism for targeted poverty alleviation in ethnic areas in the new era.Through the comprehensive application of research methods in economics,political science,ethnology and tourism science.First of all,this paper puts forward the research questions,analyzes the research background and significance,determines the main content,ideas and research methods of the research,and selects the case study and research plan.Secondly,it clarifies the relevant concepts and analysis theory,masters the content and characteristics of poverty and tourism poverty alleviation,and determines the theoretical basis of anti-poverty theory,distribution justice theory,community participation theory,stakeholder theory,precision poverty alleviation theory,land property rights theory,etc.,and clarifies the key issues and value orientation of the research,so as to do a good theoretical work for future researches.Thirdly,it systematically combs the poverty alleviation situation of villages in Guizhou Province,from the poverty status,resource endowment to the characteristics of ethnic villages,explores the deep-seated causes of poverty,analyzes the development conditions of tourism poverty alleviation in Guizhou ethnic villages,and traces back the main development process.Fourthly,it investigates the general situation of the communities,the distribution of tourism resources,the development of community tourism poverty alleviation,and the economic benefits of the poor population in the three cases of Langde Shangzhai,Xijiang Miao village and Zhaoxing Dong village.It concludes that the local residents support the tourism poverty alleviation as a whole,but they are not satisfied with the tourism Poverty Alleviation Policies.Fifthly,it analyzes the experience and constraints of the development of tourism poverty alleviation in Guizhou ethnic villages.Starting from the different modes of three case villages,it analyzes the experience and factors affecting the effect of tourism poverty alleviation.It summarizes the beneficial experience of strong industrial driving forces,improvement of residents' rights and self-government abilities,enhancement of traditional culture protection awareness and continuous improvement of human settlement environment It also analyzes the main factors that cause the poor people to benefit less in the process of tourism poverty alleviation.This research finds out that in the process of tourism poverty alleviation,the poverty alleviation subject losing focuses on the poor population,the distribution mechanism being unreasonable,the lack of community participation leading to the widening gap between the rich and the poor,and the lack of a guarantee mechanism for the sustainable development of village tourism and other practical problems.Sixthly,on the basis of theoretical research,data analysis and case investigations,this paper aims to identify the tasks and characteristics of poverty reduction in the future,and construct a mechanism for poverty alleviation through tourism in ethnic villages in Guizhou to achieve long-term development,focusing on identifying the core subjects of the poor population in tourism poverty alleviation status and build a long-term mechanism for poverty alleviation through tourism in ethnic villages.In order to realize the diversified cooperation with the poor population as the main body,the roles and functions of the five main bodies must be clearly positioned in tourism poverty alleviation,and the principles that must be followed are put forward.On this basis,combined with specific cases,the establishment of a long-term development mechanism for poverty alleviation by tourism in ethnic villages in China is proposed: to create a suitable tourism poverty alleviation mechanism to stimulate the endogenous motivation of the poor,the distribution mechanism of tourism income should be favored by the poor;the establishment is convenient Poor people express their views and integrate into the participation mechanism of tourism poverty alleviation development;protect the interests of the poor from the perspective of financial and property rights systems.Through systematic analysis,the research has reached the following conclusions: Firstly,poverty alleviation by village tourism is an important choice for Guizhou,and it is an important experience in poverty reduction in ethnic areas;secondly,although tourism is currently carried out in ethnic villages,and the local area has obtained objective economic benefits,the truly poor residents often cannot effectively obtain more development opportunities from tourism development,and they have not actually been treated as the key targets of tourism poverty alleviation,which makes the tourism poverty alleviation losing its focus.Thirdly,as an important spokesperson for local public interests,the active participation of the grassroots government is an important foundation for promoting the healthy development of tourism poverty alleviation in ethnic villages.Fourthly,the poor are the core subjects of poverty alleviation through tourism.They must improve their own qualities and labor costs so that they have the minimum professional skills and service knowledge to participate in tourism reception or related industrial chains;and increase various poverty alleviation loans or special funds invested to strengthen the tourism management capabilities of communities in ethnic areas and poor residents.Fifthly,it is necessary to build a complete set of long-term poverty alleviation by tourism,focusing on how the poor people in the development of village tourism in ethnic areas can obtain fair participation opportunities,stimulate their own development motivation,complete their own capacity enhancement,and finally obtain the possibility of long-term development.It is essential to build a complete set of long-term tourism poverty alleviation mechanisms,so as to realize the healthy and stable development of tourism poverty alleviation activities in ethnic areas in the future. |
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