Research On The Concept,Logic And Path Of Rural Construction

Most scholars focus on "governance" to study rural issues.However,rural research from the perspective of "construction" is equally important,which is not only due to the "reservoir" and "stabilizer" role of rural society,but also due to the continuous promotion of China’s rural construction in the past century,and also due to the urgent need of China’s active modernization development.In October 2017,the report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the "Implementation of Rural Revitalization Strategy".And in October 2020,the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19 th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the "Implementation of Rural Construction Action".Both of which brought the rural construction research back to the vision of academic field.Therefore,based on the problem consciousness of "how China’s rural construction evolves in the past 100 years,and where the current and future rural construction goes to",this study constructs an analytical framework of "Idea-Logic-Path" under the guidance of social construction theory,governance and good governance theory,and state-society relationship theory.Specifically,from the perspective of administration,based on the depth of history and the height of the times,and beyond the case study,this study will systematically analyze the evolution process of the development concept,promotion logic and practice path of rural construction since the founding of the People’s Republic of China so as to provide marginal effect for the implementation of Rural Revitalization Strategy,and point out the direction of development for the future implementation of rural construction action.This study vertically analyzes the interactive value of historical situation,construction subject,development goal,organizational structure,construction content,basic characteristics and other elements of rural construction in different stages,and horizontally studies the development mode,achievements,existing limits and internal relevance of rural construction.This study,attempting to overcome the influence of dogmatism to study the path transformation of rural construction,which can not only highlight the historical logic of rural construction,inspect the interaction between state power and rural society,but also conduce to the development of current rural construction theory and practice,has unique academic value and practical significance.The study shows that from the founding of the People’s Republic of China to the period before the Reform and Opening up,the rural society was in the historical situation of poverty and weakness.The "unified" rural party and government organizations at all levels were the only main body of rural society construction,which practiced the central government’s "Family-State" development concept from top to bottom,trying to achieve the development goal of "giving priority to heavy industry".In this process,the state power constructed the organizational structure of Farmers’ Association and township power system,and formed the people’s commune system of "government and society in one" through the land reform movement and cooperative movement,showing the state of "strong country".In summary,the construction contents of this period mainly included the reconstruction of grassroots political power at the political level,the transformation of collective economy at the economic level,the construction of security system at the social level,and the reconstruction of cultural system at the cultural level.It has the characteristics of combining interest guidance and ideological guidance,"one big and two public,government and society in one","three-level ownership,team based","comprehensive supervision,deep control",marginalization of market and social organizations.At the same time,through the development mode of political mobilization,the practice of rural construction has achieved the results of the party’s leading position,improving the conditions of agricultural production,establishing the basic security system,and improving the cultural quality of farmers.There are also some limitations,such as restricting rural economic development,distorting farmers’ political participation,hindering the normal differentiation of rural areas,and intensifying rural social contradictions.In the period from the Reform and Opening up to the new rural construction,the rural society was in the historical situation of unbalanced development.The "dual " system of "rural administration and village governance" was the main construction subject of rural society.And non-governmental organizations have started to recover,but its role is very weak.With the withdrawal of state power from rural society,under the pressure system of "one vote veto",township governments follow the "no accident logic",practice the "strategic" development concept,and try to achieve the development goal of "economic construction as the center",showing a "weak government" state.During this period,the "township government and village governance" system mainly carried out the reconstruction of the grass-roots political power at the political level,the reconstruction of the agricultural structure at the economic level,the protection of farmers’ rights and interests at the social level,and the construction of characteristic socialist culture at the cultural level.At the same time,through the development mode of pressure management,the rural construction practice has achieved some achievements,such as strengthening the democratic concept of farmers,promoting the rapid development of rural economy,improving the infrastructure of rural society,cultivating the spiritual civilization of farmers,etc.There are also some limitations such as the ineffective construction of township political power,the dilemma of rural economy,the alienation of villagers’ self-governance,the heavy burden of farmers and so on.Since the period of new rural construction,the rural society has been in a severe historical situation.The main body of rural construction includes not only the "dual" system of "rural administration and village governance",but also the governments at all levels who have imported a lot of resources,and the rapidly developing non-governmental organizations such as new rural talents,knowledge elites and market enterprises.The construction pattern of "multi governance" is taking shape.During this period,government organizations at all levels practiced the central government’s "rational" development concept from top to bottom,trying to achieve the development goal of "urban-rural integration",thus presenting a state of "strong country-big society".Throughout this period,the multi subjects mainly carried out the construction contents of maintaining grass-roots stability at the political level,lightening the burden of farmers at the economic level,narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas at the social level,and leading cultural innovation at the cultural level,and had the following characteristics: the transformation of township government from "absorption type" to "suspension type",the flexibility of the relationship between the state and farmers,the innovation of rural culture,the basic characteristics of rural construction in the modernization and transformation.At the same time,through the development mode of project supply,the rural construction practice has achieved some results,such as promoting the function transformation of the township government,optimizing the power relationship of villagers’ autonomy,and improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity.There are some limitations,such as the weakening of the financial resources of the township government,the decreasing of the self-governance of the rural society,and the insufficient effective supply of public services.At present,China’s rural construction practice can be roughly divided into three types:government-led,rural endogenous and social participation.Among them,the government-led is the basic and overall construction practice,which can often bring about significant changes and policy innovation in rural society.Both endogenous and social participation in rural areas are construction practices led or participated by non-governmental organizations.For the sake of "rational agents",most of them have their own value orientation and action logic.For the endogenous construction in rural areas,the starting point and purpose are often to achieve the rich life of farmers and the economic prosperity of rural society.For the construction of social participation,it is mainly the social forces trying to use their own knowledge,ideas,funds,personnel,technology and other advantages to participate in rural construction.At the same time,the implementation of Rural Revitalization Strategy,as the key content of government-led rural construction,is not only the inheritance and innovation of the new socialist rural construction,but also the summary and sublimation of China’s 100 year rural construction thought.It not only implies agricultural modernization,but also has the meaning of rural modernization and farmers’ modernization.On the path choice of implementing the Rural Revitalization Strategy: first,to realize the innovation of development concept;second,to deepen rural reform;third,to improve the market mechanism;fourth,to promote industrial integration;fifth,to establish a unified public service system in urban and rural areas.Finally,in the face of the "Pluralistic co governance" is constantly improving,the rural society needs differentiation,the new situation and new challenges such as the continuous progress of poverty alleviation,the serious impact of major epidemic situation,and the gradual transformation of "urban and rural China",the implementation of rural construction is not only the main carrier and specific way of rural revitalization,but also an important content of agricultural and rural modernization.Therefore,the top-level design should be optimized at the macro system level,supporting measures should be followed up at the middle level government level,and the "three governance" should be integrated in the micro rural level,and the development direction of rural construction action should be explored together.