| As an important component and the highest level of the national professional degree graduate education system,EdD(doctor of education)education aims at cultivating high-level interdisciplinary research and application talents in the field of education,which meets the practical needs of the great development of education in China.Since 2010,China has been formally carrying out the recruitment and cultivating of doctoral students in education.In more than 10 years of college cultivating practice,China has been confronted with a lot of doubts from all sides,which is not only similar to the "dispute over cultivating objectives" of American universities,but also unique problems arising from the localization process.As a matter of fact,degree of EdD has not been established in China for a long time,and the cultivating period of universities is not so long.The doubts on the EdD come from people’s lack of understanding of the value of the EdD,and also from the current society’s distrust of the cultivating of EdD..As a foreign product,how does the EdD develop in Chinese universities?What is the status of its college cultivating?Does it adapt to the ecology of higher education in China?Can it meet the individual needs of On-the-job learner and the development needs of employers?The answers to these questions undoubtedly need to clarify the cultivating practice of EdD and the practical difficulties they face.As the core element and concentrated epitome of the cultivating practice of universities,the cultivating pattern of EdD can directly reflect the practical characteristics and main contents of the cultivating process of universities,and ultimately affect the cultivating quality.Therefore,exploring the cultivating pattern of EdD has become the core content of this study.Based on the knowledge production mode transformation as the theoretical perspective,this paper constructs an analytical framework of "System Cluster-Structural Elements" for the cultivating pattern of EdD.In the mixed research paradigm and methods on the basis of the design strategy,follow "Question Proposed-Theoretical Construction-Historical Outline-Situation InvestigationExperience Reference-Path Innovation" the technical route,to systematically investigate EdD cultivating of universities in our country.In particular,from the three dimensions of "Institution Environment-Group Experience-Studying Experience ",the study comprehensively restored the current practical situation of the cultivating pattern in universities and clarified many dilemmas that need to be solved,and the historical development experience and overseas reform experience are comprehensively investigated.Finally,we put forward cultivating pattern of EdD reform and innovation path.In this way,we can effectively solve the current difficulties of college education,effectively improve the quality of college education,and continue to promote the high-quality development of EdD degree.The details are as follows:The theory of knowledge production mode transformation is the perspective of this study.Starting from the two "Academic Revolutions" in the West,this study systematically expounds the development and core changes of knowledge production mode 1,mode 2 and mode 3 on the basis of reviewing relevant studies on knowledge production mode.Based on the core theoretical elements such as "application situation","interdisciplinary" and "cluster network" emphasized by the new knowledge production mode,the influence of the transformation of knowledge production mode on the cultivation of EdD students is analyzed.Finally build the cultivating pattern of EdD framework to the analysis of system cluster and structural elements,"cluster system" is used to analysis the EdD education community and its effect on the related subject of interest,"Structural elements" are specific training links that are analyzed based on the operational definition of cultivating pattern,including "cultivating concept and objective","examination content and form","cultivating process and system",and "quality evaluation and guarantee".It is an important topic of this study to investigate the historical evolution of cultivating pattern of EdD stuednts.Based on combing the development history of EdD and its talent cultivating in China,we points out that it can be divided into three stages:first,it appeared type period,and gradually emerged demand(from 1990s to 2008);The second is the practice period,exploring the pilot cultivating(2008 to 2015);Third,the reform period,achieving normal development(2015 to date);The driving force of its development can be summarized as the social driving force of the great development of education in the era of knowledge economy,the objective driving force of the construction of modern university system,and the internal driving force of the development of education discipline itself.It is further proposed that its development mechanism is to focus on stability at the beginning of development,and then to take the road of gradual reform after stability.Based on the historical evolution perspective to interpret process of the development of the EdD education in our country,we thinks that cultivating pattern of EdD stuednts in the process,gradually produce obvious tendency of "academic",We put forward that the generation path of "academic convergence" is "academic imitation-academic drift-academic convergence".The core content of this study is to explore the current status of the cultivating pattern of EdD stuednts in China.In this study,the status quo of cultivation was investigated through mixed research design to realize the complementarity and triangular mutual verification of problem analysis,mainly from three dimensions.First,the system environment analysis:through text analysis of the text macro policies and micro system,the results found that there are many difficulties,such as the game between academic and applied,the bias between professional and developmental in the arrangement of admission examination,the neglect of systematic and collaborative in the design of process system,and the imbalance between formative and result-oriented in the evaluation guarantee system.Based on this,we discusses the reasons for the institutional dilemma from three aspects:the overall pilot system and the "mediocre" system,the governance mechanism and the "split" community,and the cultural inertia and the "path dependence" of the system.Second,the group experience investigation:through the questionnaire survey of EdD students on the status quo of training,based on the element design of the analysis framework,using quantitative statistics to analyze the related factors and academic convergence that affect the process and quality of EdD students cultivating,and present the quality level of current cultivating from multiple dimensions,the statistical results form a series of relevant conclusions.For example,the variables such as "training objective","support from the competent authorities and the Guidance Committee" and "participation of the work unit" have a significant positive predictive effect on the quality and effectiveness of the cultivation of doctorate education institutions.The degree of academic convergence between "school curriculum and teaching" specialty direction is significantly higher than that of other specialties.Third,studying experience narrative:On two of the first batch of pilot universities on the basis of field investigation,by choosing some EdD students in depth interview,to trace deep cultivation pattern of operation process and the present situation of the real cultivating,makes every effort to make this research present situation to the attention of both objective investigation on the level of system design,there are also borrow the experience of the individual perspective of narrative by the students,and to develop the present situation of the overall grasp,more accurate for the problem."Structural Elements" dimension analysis found that universities cultivating exist in the academic convergence and there are different degrees of practical choice problems.For example,cultivating concept and objective:academic orientation or practical orientation,examination content and form:identifying ability or focusing on potential,cultivating process and system:taking experience or tending to innovation,quality evaluation and guarantee:complying with the old system or rebuilding standards."System Cluster" dimension analysis found that there were significant differences in the actions of stakeholders in the cultivating community,which were embodied in the active support and guidance of the competent government departments,the non-institutional communication between cultivating institutions,and the different attitudes of different working units.Based on the above findings,we further discusses the issues such as whether "academic and practical unity" can be realized,whether the enrollment orientation is needed or whether it can be further opened up,how the academic convergence in the cultivating process is generated,and why it is so difficult to establish new quality evaluation standards.Drawing on the beneficial experience of the cultivation pattern of EdD students in the United States,we has an international perspective.With the development of EdD in the United States for hundreds of years,it has accumulated rich experiences and lessons,and formed a mature and stable cultivating pattern which is recognized by the academic circle and universities,and satisfied by students and employers.The case study of typical reform practices in American universities and the exploration of its experience in cultivating reform can provide more micro-specific strategies for Chinese universities in a comprehensive and systematic way.Firstly,we reviews the development history of EdD education in the United States,and concludes that its development can be roughly divided into three stages:germination,development and reform.By focusing on two typical cases of great influence,Carnegie Educational Doctoral Program(CPED)and Harvard Educational Leadership Doctoral Program Reform(Ed.L.D.),we find that many of the reform features can be used for reference in China.Specifically,CPED emphasizes the cultivating practice of universities,proposes to build an action community,clarifies the essential attributes of EdD education,accurately positioning the cultivating concept and objectives,attaches importance to the organization construction and governance,effectively guarantees the efficient operation of the alliance,and emphasizes the elements of co-generation resources sharing,systematic innovation and cultivating process.ED.L.D.project is to accurately position the cultivating objectives of leaders,innovatively build a practice-oriented curriculum system,and combine evaluation mechanism with professional practice.These practical experiences provide an extraterronality scheme for the construction of "system cluster" of deep cooperation and symbiosis and "structural elements" of characteristic innovation drive in the cultivation pattern of EdD in China.Based on the above analysis,combined with the theoretical basis,historical experience,current situation analysis and American case study,this study finally proposes that the future development of China’s cultivating pattern of EdD students must be reformed and restructured,and realize the transition from "academic convergence" pattern to "academic application" pattern.Specifically,two action paths can be planned:one is to realize the effective play of the function of cultivating the community through the construction of "system cluster",mainly for the four stakeholders,respectively,the competent government department should improve the top-level system design and promote the system reform;National Steering Committee for Professional Education Degree should expand the core functions of the organization and strengthen the practical guidance and supervision.Universities should attach importance to cooperation and exchange and advocate common sharing of resources.Work units should participate in the cultivating process and realize the interaction between supply and demand.Second,through the "structural elements" innovation to achieve the systematic innovation of each element of the cultivating link,deeply clarifying the cultivating concept of EdD,and accurately positioning the cultivatin objectives of universities;scientifically adjusting the system of recruitment and examination for EdD to effectively guarantee the function of identification and selection;focused on the cultivating process of EdD,and continuously optimizing the process system design;comprehensively improving the quality of EdD cultivating and building an evaluation and guarantee mechanism for its implementation.The study has some innovation in three aspects:theoretical perspective,research method and research content.The innovation of theoretical perspective means that based on the transformation of knowledge production mode,this study investigates and explores the current cultivating pattern of EdD and its cultivating present status in China under the guidance of the new knowledge production concept,which can provide a new perspective for the future professional doctoral degree and the reform of educational cultivating in universities and other related issues.The innovation of research method means that the study adopts the paradigm of mixed research.The mixed design of triangular cross-verification implemented in parallel breaks through the "quantitative+qualitative" mode of traditional triangular cross-verification and constructs a new mode of "qualitative text+quantitative questionnaire+qualitative interview",thus presenting and benchmarking research problems in a more comprehensive way.The innovation of the research content is to point to the conclusion of this study has certain academic creativeness;for example,this study found that the current academic tendency of EdD cultivating in our country is serious,think this is a cultivating pattern of "academic convergence" type,and carries on the multi-dimensional proof,and puts forward constructing pointing in the direction of future action to the "academic application" pattern. |
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