| Innovation is the primary driving force for development.Protecting intellectual property is protecting innovation.At present,a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is deepening,the international balance of power is undergoing profound adjustment,and the international environment is becoming increasingly complex.Intellectual property rights have become a strategic resource for national development and a core factor for enhancing international competitiveness.China’s intellectual property industry has always been accompanied by reform and opening up.In the process of opening up,it continues to grow,develop and improve.In the process of building an open world economy,it is an important aspect of building an interconnected system of institutions and rules.In recent years,China has thoroughly implemented the strategy of strengthening China’s intellectual property rights,raised intellectual property rights to a national strategic level,and constantly responded to the opportunities and challenges brought by new technologies,new economy and new situations.The research on intellectual property is broader in scope,wider in scope and deeper in level,in order to promote the deep integration of intellectual property and industry and provide support for promoting a higher level of opening-up.For a long time,the research on intellectual property is mostly carried out from its quantitative dimension,and the research on its value is relatively few.Due to the characteristics and complexity of the evaluation of intangible assets such as patents,which are different from other general tangible fixed assets,the accuracy of the evaluation results is not high,and a unified evaluation standard has not been formed.In the field of statistics,the reform of the System of National Accounts(SNA)in recent years has provided a new perspective and a new method for the measurement of the value of patent assets.However,most of the existing studies focus on the capitalization of R&D expenditure on SNA reform,and relatively few value calculations have been carried out specifically for patent assets.Besides,the calculation of patent assets’ value is different from that of general fixed assets,the statistical basic data is incomplete,and a complete measurement framework has not yet been formed.The few existing studies mostly stay in the theoretical level of discussion or relatively rough trial calculation.In this context,based on the guidance manual on capitalization of R&D expenditure and capital measurement,and on the basis of fully studying the particularity of patent assets that are different from general fixed assets,this paper puts forward a theoretical framework for estimating the value of patent assets,which takes R&D costs as the main factor and considers other value factors as the auxiliary.Using the data of the national patent survey with the information about R&D investment increased,the one-to-one correspondence between patent and R&D investment was established,and the value of China’s patent assets was estimated.According to the index reflecting the value of fixed assets in SNA,the index reflecting the value of patent assets is designed accordingly,and the proportion of the value of patent assets in the GDP of China and 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government)is calculated.Finally,from the perspective of industry or industry,the value of patent assets in patent-intensive industries is calculated and analyzed.The full text consists of 6 chapters,arranged as follows:Chapter 1 is the introduction,including the research background and significance,literature review,research content and technical route and the main innovation points.Chapter 2 is about patent related concepts.This chapter studies the definition,characteristics and types of patents,and summarizes the development of patents at home and abroad.Through research,it is found that patent usually includes three definitions of"patent right","patent document" and "invention and creation",among which the definition of "invention and creation" can be confirmed from the Patent Law,and is consistent with the definition of "patent entity" in SNA,"1993 SNA" defined patent entity as "technology innovation category," According to the law or judicial decision,the invention is granted patent protection ",which is also the definition used in this paper to calculate the value of patent assets.By studying the development of patents at home and abroad,we can grasp the context of patent development in general,which is helpful to improve the theoretical framework and the accuracy of empirical analysis of the calculation of patent asset value in this paper.Chapter 3 is the theoretical framework of the valuation of patent assets of China.It includes four parts:theoretical basis,research on the characteristics of patent assets,measurement model and path,data source and arrangement.The first part systematically expounds the theoretical basis and method guide for the calculation of the value of patent assets,such as the capitalization of R&D expenditure and the Manual for the Measurement of the Capital of Intellectual Property Products.The second part analyses the commonness and particularity of patent assets and other general fixed assets and obtains four enlightenments in the calculation of the value of patent assets:first,the determination of unit price needs to consider many factors;Second,the determination of the output time point needs to adopt a flexible method;Third,there is no loss over time,so there is no need to calculate depreciation;The fourth is to distinguish the value of patent assets from the spillover value.The third part designs the index of reflecting the value of patent assets,and puts forward the model and path of calculating the value of patent assets.The indexes reflecting the value of patent assets include total value of stock index,new value of flow index and service value.The valuation of patent assets is mainly based on R&D investment and implementation income,and comprehensively considers other value influencing factors,including R&D cycle,maintenance period,number of rights,emerging industries,country of acquisition,type of patent assets,self-implementation stage,license implementation mode and inclusion criteria.The method of calculating the value of patent assets is summarized to the national patent assets by types and regions,and the method of calculating the current flow by the current stock and the previous year stock is adopted.The fourth part explains the data source and arrangement.The calculation data of the value of patent assets comes from two aspects:one is the quantity data of patent assets obtained by the conventional statistical system of intellectual property department;The other is data from the annual National Patent Survey conducted by the State Intellectual Property Office,which adds information related to R&D spending.Chapter 4 is the calculation and analysis of the value of Chinese patent assets.It includes the calculation and analysis of the capital value and service value of patent assets in China and 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government),as well as the comparative study of the value of patent assets in different types of patent assets,different patentees,and whether the patent assets are implemented.The calculation results show that the value of China’s patent assets accounted for 0.87%of GDP in 2019,which is corroborated by the capitalization value of China’s R&D expenditure accounting for 1.28%of GDP in 2015 after the reform accounting plan.Among them,the ratio of patent asset value to GDP in five regions,including Beijing,Guangdong,Shanghai,Zhejiang and Jiangsu,was higher than the national average.Through the comparative study of the value of different types of patent assets,it is found that the value of invention patent assets,patent assets produced by enterprises and patent assets that have been implemented is relatively higher.Chapter 5 calculates and analyzes the value of Chinese patent assets in patent-intensive industries.Patent-intensive industry is a collection of industries with relatively dense distribution of invention patent assets.It relies on invention patent assets to participate in market competition,which plays an important supporting role in promoting industrial transformation and upgrading and driving the innovation and development of the real economy.This chapter calculates the value of invention patent assets of 1380 national economic sub-industries,and collects the value of invention patent assets of patent-intensive industries and their seven categories,and makes a comparative analysis with non-patent-intensive industries and their seven categories.This chapter also analyzes the value of invention patent assets and the scale and benefit of economic output,job creation and labor efficiency,innovation input and output of patent-intensive industries to explore the development characteristics of patent-intensive industries.The calculation results show that in 2019,the value of invention patent assets in China’s patent-intensive industries was 306.229 billion yuan,accounting for 75.88%of the value of invention patent assets in all national economic industries,and 3.15 times that of non-patent-intensive industries.The results of analysis with related indicators show that the benefits and levels of patent-intensive industries are significantly higher than those of non-patent-intensive industries,but the benefits of some large scale industries are not high.This chapter completes the comparison between patent data and sub-industry data,and calculates and analyzes sub-industry data of national economy involving multiple departments,with reliable and detailed data sources.Chapter 6 is the conclusion and prospect.This chapter summarizes the previous chapters,and puts forward the research prospect from the measurement dimension and measurement time.In this paper,the value of patent assets in China is calculated and studied from the perspective of R&D expenditure capitalization.By optimizing the calculation methods and means,the statistical basic data of patent assets and R&D investment are enriched,a set of systematic theoretical framework for the calculation of patent assets value is established,and the value of patent assets in China is calculated and analyzed in detail.It provides an important starting point for the intellectual property management department and an important supplement for the reform of China’s R&D capitalization accounting system.At the theoretical level,this paper sets up a set of framework methods to measure the value of the original intangible assets under the new system of national accounts.Since the creation of the System of National Accounts by the United Nations Statistical Commission,patents have been a component of intangible assets,listed under non-productive assets,along with leases or other transferable contracts,acquired goodwill,and other intangible assets.In the financial statements of enterprises,patents are also counted as a part of intangible assets,and the value of patent assets is evaluated by the method of intangible assets value.The "2008 SNA" renamed "intangible fixed assets" to "Intellectual property products" and included R&D as a subcatalog under intellectual property products,thereby establishing the link between patent assets and R&D.Based on the survey data of 40,000 patents with added R&D investment information related to patent assets,this paper constructs a theoretical framework for the calculation of patent asset value by combining R&D investment and other factors,which provides research reference for the calculation of the value of other intellectual property products.In practice,this paper calculates the value of national patent assets and its share in GDP.In the present research,due to the lack of theoretical framework for measurement,the particularity of patent assets different from general fixed assets,and incomplete statistical basic data,there are few studies on the value measurement of patent assets at present,most of them stay in the theoretical level,and only a few estimates are also trial calculations at the R&D level.By optimizing the calculation methods and means,and enriching the statistical basic data of patent assets and R&D expenditure,this paper calculates the value of patent assets in the country and 31 provinces and municipalities,and calculates the proportion of patent asset value to GDP,the value of patent assets in different types and industries.For the intellectual property management department,this is the urgent need of building a strong intellectual property power in the new era;For the reform department of national economic accounting,it is a refinement and supplement to the capitalization accounting of R&D expenditure,and can avoid the problems such as insufficient R&D data and difficult depreciation rate estimation. |
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