Research On The Patent Output And Transformation Of American Universities

With the development and progress of economy,scientific and technological capacity has become an embodiment of the comprehensive strength of a country and the main content of the competition among countries.As a measure of the scientific and technological capacity,the patent in the competition of science and technology has a higher status and becomes much more importance.With the development of the theoretical study and practical exploration,countries has shifted their emphasis on the recognition of patents' value from the number of patent applications to patent transfer and transformation.Universities,as one of the three pillars of scientific and technological innovation system,have significantly improved their patent achievements' quantity and quality in recent years.However,lack of innovation,less independent core technology and low transfer rate are still problems generally faced by Chinese universities.Many factors affect the transfer and transformation of patents,for example,promotion policies,the means and methods of transformation,professional technology transfer institutions,the cultivation and reserve of transforming talents,and so on.But the most fundamental factor is the output and quality of patents.Thanks to their superior internal and external environment of intellectual property right,sound mechanisms of patent creation,use,management and protection,American universities have outstanding performance in patent transformation and output.As an excellent representative of American universities,Stanford University first established its specialized agency responsible for the patent transfer and transformation-Office of technology licensing(OTL)in its own school,and formed a sound system of the patent output and transformation mechanism.This thesis makes a comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting the patents transformation of Stanford University.It points out that in addition to its own superior internal and external patent transformation environment,Stanford University also benefits from its quality control of patents in the process of creation.The fundamental driving force of patens transfer comes from its own unique patent creation mechanism,which ensures the reserves of high quality patent.Based on this understanding,this thesis will use the patent quantitative analysis method to analyze patent output and strength distribution of the Stanford University.At the same time,combined with relevant statistical data of its patent transfer,this thesis explores the relationship and rules between the quality of patent output and patent transfer and transformation.Based on the analysis of Stanford University's patent output and transformation,this thesis also analyzes the patent output and the quality of universities in China,and especially choose Tsinghua University as a representative to compare with Stanford University in order to seek the gap of patent output,transfer and transformation between Chinese and American universities,and it finally proposes suggestions and methods which can effectively improve the quality of patent output and promote the transfer and transformation of patents,in order to enhance China's scientific and technological competitiveness.