Research On The Market-orientating Of China's Rural Economy

Over the last twenty years, China's rural reform, advancing step by step, is in essence the market-orientated process. This article, concentrating closely on this main thread ?the market-orientating, synthetically utilizing the theoretical viewpoints & research methods of development economics, institutional economics & western economics under the guidance of Marxist economy theories, examines the questions of the market-orientating of China's rural economy in the light of its main reform steps over the last twenty years and then comes up with the solutions to them.This article is divided into six parts:The first part: market economy & market-orientating. This part, as a theoretical prerequisite, expounds the concepts of market economy & market-orientating; analyses the basic characteristics of market-orientating; sets up an index system of testing the level of market-orientating on the bases of some indexes such as enterprise, government behaviors, commodity market, labor market, industry, agriculture & regional disparities.The second part: the historical process of the market-orientating of China's rural economy. Its evolution includes initial stage, development stage & deepening stage. In the initial stage, its general characteristic is "outside-institution market-orientating"; rural reform takes the lead: the consumer goods market of villages & towns developed at a rapid speed owing to the state's gradually relaxing control over country fair trade & individually-owned business. The initial development had been achieved. In the development stage, its general feature is "inside-institution market-orientating": factor markets, such as capital, land, labor force, technology, information, start up in succession & then develop rapidly. The further development had been achieved. In the deepening state, with the market-orientating of China's economy as a whole getting into the fast lane of growth, it is deeply developed.The third part: the regional differences & analyses of the market-orientating degree of China's rural economy. Arranging a sequence to the market-orientating degrees of provinces, autonomous regions & municipalities directly, under the Central Government & then analyzing differently; arranging a sequence to the evaluating indexes of the market-orientating degrees & then analyzing; estimating the actual market-orientating levels of different provinces, autonomous regions & municipalities directly under the Central Government.The fourth part: analysis of the market-orientating of agriculture & township enterprises. The market-orientating of agriculture & township enterprises is the important subject. Analyzing . emphatically the relations among agricultural market-orientating, industrialization & urbanization; the stage characteristics of the reform of agricultural market-orientating; the country fair trade & modern agricultural market trade & their market-orientating processes; the evaluating indexes & evaluating of them; the trend analysis of them; the main barriers in these processes.The fifth part: the salient problems existing in these processes. Focusing mainly on the system constrains to enterprise's technical improvement; irrational structure of agriculture; the monotonous property right of private enterprise; lacking effective management in performance; government's lower adaptability & degree to meet the needs of market.The sixth part: suggestions on improving the market-orientating of rural economy. Increasing investments on rural education; publicizing market economy theories in order to raise the level of farmer's ideas toward market economy; building an unified, competitive & orderly marketing system & then taking a now pattern of great market & extensive circulating; fostering market entities; developing joint-stock system; bringing up a new mechanism of rural market economy & a maro-base of the operating of a new system; transforming government functions; strengthening & improving themacro-adjustment & control over rural economy; building...