| Democratic election is the premise and foundation of villagers'autonomy and it can provide institutional channels for the villagers to participate in democratic management, democratic decision-making and democratic supervision. In the whole villagers'autonomy, the election of villagers committees is more important. After 20 years of development, the villagers'committee elections have been more and more mature and standardized. It plays an important role in protecting the villager'rights, developing the Chinese socialism, establishing a harmonious society and propelling the building of grassroots democracy in rural areas play an important role. However, in the new historical period the village committee elections in China are facing some prominent issues, such as bribery, the township government's administrative intervention, which seriously affected the fairness of the elections. It also hurt the voters'participation and increases the probability of occurrence of mass incidents .All of these affect the social stability, hinder the advance of grassroots democracy and the building of socialist new countryside harmonious process. Hence we need analyze for the factors and its mechanism of interaction which affect the election of village committee to explore the causes of the problem. And on this basis we should make further suggestions to promote the village committee elections. Meanwhile China has vast rural areas and they are obvious different. The social basis of the implementation of village self-government is different. The same factors have different influence in different rural areas and bring different problem. So to each problem, we need make appropriate countermeasures. This paper analyzes the problem from two aspects, one is internal factors and the other is external factors such as the national legal system, the township government and economic factors. The paper also analyzes the factors from two visual angles which are institution and rational actor.
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