Juristical Study On The Right Of Rural Autonomy In Our Country

I　think　the　right　is　more　important　than　the　democracy　to　the　villagers.　Edified　by　the　market　for　a　few　years,　villagers　already　have　the　consciousness　of　the　property　right,　but　they　are　still　devoid　of　the　consciousness　of　the　political　right.　Because　the　political　right　cannot　bring　immediate　benefit.　Through　rural　autonomy,　the　consciousness　of　right　will　come　into　being.　Then　the　villagers　will　attach　importance　to　the　political　right　and　have　the　fervency　to　take　part　in　politics.　It　is　the　key　of　the　juristical　study　on　rural　autonomy　that　the　right　of　rural　autonomy　is　well　studied.　The　article　is　divided　into　4　chapters.　Except　the　introduction　and　conclusion,　the　other　chapters　structure　is　followed:　　The　first　chapter　starts　from　the　discussion　that　rural　autonomy　in　its　nature　is　a　kind　of　right　rather　than　power;　rural　autonomy　is　a　membership　right,　the　people　enjoying　the　right　must　has　the　special　identity　of　being　a　member　of　certain　village;　the　right　of　autonomy　has　a　dual　nature　of　both　right　and　obligation,　which　is　restricted　on　public　utilities　and　common　affairs.　The　right　of　rural　autonomy　derives　from　villager's　right　of　autonomy　as　a　citizen,　and　the　power　of　the　village　autonomy　committee　derives　from　villager's　autonomy　right.　The　second　chapter　indicates　the　people　enjoying　autonomy　right　is　different　from　subjects　of　legal　relationship　of　rural　autonomy.　The　autonomy　subject　should　be　individual　villagers,　and　the　collectivity　of　villagers　and　the　autonomy　committee　are　not　the　autonomy　subject.　When　defining　villagers　as　autonomy　subject,　apart　from　people　whose　household　and　dwelling　are　in　the　village,　mobile　population　should　be　involved　in　the　autonomy　to　some　extent.　"household"　is　the　special　subject　of　rural　autonomy　and　that　has　both　positive　and　passive　meanings.　The　third　chapter　focuses　on　the　classification　of　rural　autonomy　such　as　collective　rights　and　individual　rights,　common　benefited　rights　and　self　benefited　rights.　And　we　may　subdivide　these　two　classifications　as　right　of　being　benefited,　right　of　getting　help,　right　of　information,　right　of　comments,　right　of　supervision　and　relief,　right　of　election　and　being　elected,　right　of　democratic　decision　etc.　The　fourth　chapter　focuses　on　the　superiority　of　rural　autonomy　rights.　The　collective　rights　has　the　constitutive　superiority,　but　are　not　the　basic　rights　of　citizens.　Other　rural　autonomy　rights　have　the　legislative　superiority.　The　common　benefited　rights　is　superior　to　the　power　of　the　rural　autonomy　committee,　if　a　member　of　the　committee　infringe　the　autonomy　rights　of　villagers,　corresponding　liabilities　should　occur.　The　execution　of　rural　autonomy　rights　should　avoid　oppressing　the　rights　of　certain　subjects　by　the　will　of　majority　in　the　name　of　democracy.　And　relieves　should　be　offered　when　individual　villagers　refuse　to　perform　the　decision　of　the　committee.　The　government　has　a　disposition　of　infringing　villagers`　right　of　autonomy　and　the　right　of　autonomy　is　also　capable　of　infringing　other　people's　rights　except　villagers.　These　conflicts　may　be　attributed　as　rural　autonomy　disputes,　and　systematic　relieves　should　be　offered　by　the　state.　Only　when　the　content　of　the　rights　of　rural　autonomy　is　clarified,　may　the　effective　relief　channels　be　constituted.　Only　when　the　autonomy　rights　of　villagers　are　effectively　protected,　may　the　rural　autonomy　be　realized.