Public Service In American Local Governments: Operation And Its Use For Reference To China

For a long time, we carry out a public service supply system characterized by duality and segmentation between the city and the countryside. Meanwhile, we practice a "top-down" system which makes government be the whole show in the organization, decision-making and operation of rural public service. In practice, this system not only results in serious lack of rural public service and imbalance service supply between the city and countryside, but also leads to many new problems and conflicts such as the enlarged urban and rural residents' income and the widen gap between the city and the countryside, which become the predominating problem that hinders overall planning for urban and rural development. Currently, with the development of rural reform and market economy, how to learn from the marketization experience of public service in foreign countries and build an overall plan of urban and rural public service system adaptable to market economy development in order to satisfy people's increasing material and spiritual life needs, have been the crucial issue for current rural reform and development.In foreign countries, a new public administration movement happened during the 1980s. In this movement, many western countries vigorously advanced the marketization and socialization of public service. In the USA, the supply of public service in the local governments exist a complex organizational systems characterized by various kinds of organizations, the differentiation between service provision and production, flexible arrangements of service supply way according to the attributes and characteristics of public goods or service, which form the "quilt" model of local public service. According to many surveys, this model has many benefits such as lower economic costs, improve public service efficiency, enhance service quality and citizen's satisfaction over public service.This dissertation is both a normative and positive research, which lays emphasis on management systems and operation mechanisms of local public service in America such as its organization, function, role, arrangements of service way, procedure, performance evaluation and etc. In addition, based on summarization and analysis of current problem of the traditional rural public service system in China, the dissertation discusses the theory and practice of public service in America local governments and its use for reference to format a new public service system in our country.