| Mao Zedong as the core of the first generation of collective leadership, his ruling ideology has a significant impact to the Chinese revolution and construction . After the establishment of the socialist system, Mao Zedong's ruling thought also would turn to a new task of socialist construction. However, his transformation was not successful. From 1956 to 1966, Mao Zedong's ruling has a rich experience, also experienced setbacks and mixed right and wrong. Therefore, we need to thinking about this decade's ruling system, which will help us draw lessons,and better to build socialism.Part I: the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong (1956-1966) formed the background and the ideological origins , background : the founding, the country's economic situation was drastically improved; three complete transformation of the socialist system established; differences existed in the Chinese Communist Party and the ideology was not uniform; The socialist camp presented the difference, the Sino-Soviet relations were anxious; socialist challengeed facing the capitalist camp. Ideological origins are: Marxist classical writers'thought where related to the ruling; the Chinese Communist Party's historical experience.Part II: the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong (1956-1966) of the main contents, including six areas, placed the national interest and the people's benefit the first place; strengthened and improved party building; perfected political system and paid attention to class struggle; vigorously developed the economy to strengthen the national economic construction; established the people's communalization thought that implemented the communalization management; prevented the imperialism"the peaceful evolution"to takes the national securityPart III: the assessment of the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong (1956 - 1966), in which the positive effects are: Show the Marxist theory; lay the foundation for the modernization of Chinese society. Mao Zedong's mistakes in the ruling ideas are: ideal model of the socialist out of touch with the times; egalitarianism and economic development do not coordinate with each other; the realization of democracy exists in the form of errors, the result can only create a dictatorship. The reasons for these failures are: Mao Zedong's misunderstanding in the basic theory of Marxism ; the deviation of Understanding of socialism and China's national conditions ;the Chinese state system is inadequate, weak sense of democracy and the legal system; the mistakes of Mao Zedong with the leaders at all levels'attitude towards Maozedong also matters greatly; Mao Zedong's mistakes were also influenced by China's traditional habit. Part IV: the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong (1956-1966) which gives us inspiration are five points: improve the party's governing capacity and strengthen party building; adhere to governing for the people and serve the people wholeheartedly; economic development should always been the party's focus, economic construction should have the right route; rational system framework is essential for the national scientific ruling; the effective implementation of the system should have indemnification which constitutes by the institutional culture.At present, there are many research papers and works of Mao Zedong's thought, in all research,,the studies which releted to the Mao Zedong's thoughts of ruling are limited, and specially study Mao Zedong'thought article from1956 to 1966not to be so far many. This article is the angle"being in power"to conduct a system's research of Mao Zedong'thought from 1956 to 1966, using the combination of analysis and synthesis methods and the theory and practice of the method, haveing referred to the massive literature material and proposed some own viewpoint ,using the literature material, on this basis, put forward some ideas of Mao Zedong's ruling and analysis of this. I hoped that can carry on a more thorough discussion in the existing research foundation, can thus comparatively thorough, objective unfold Mao Zedong's ruling thought of this times .
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