Study On The Sports Laws And Regulations Of The Republic Of China

There exists little research on sports laws and regulations, in particular those drawn up during the period when the Republic of China got independence. The present study is to explore the typical sports laws and regulations in terms of the historical phases of China, i.e., Qing Dynasty, the early stage of the Republic of China, Nanjing government (pre-anti-Japanese war), and Nanjing government (post-anti-Japanese war) to present a clear picture of the context and contents of those different-period laws and regulations and their impact on the sports development on modern times. It is intended, based on their feature illustration and the relevance analysis, to provide valuable referential resources for the revision as well as drafting of sports laws and regulations form Modern China, thus boosting modern sports development to a healthier and more sustainable direction.The study, targeted at the legislation of sports during the whole period of the Republic of China,adopts methods such as literature review, historical research, logic analysis and deductive method, makes an in-depth examination of laws and regulations enforced at the above-mentioned three stages, and draws to the conclusion as follows.1) the sports law-makings during the two former periods, as a result of breakout of World War I and the influence of Cultural Movement led by Sun Yet-san, were limited to abolishing arm drills, reinforcing P.E in educational institutions, popularizing sports activities among the public, enhancing civil health and raising the public awareness of significance of Chinese traditional sports, especially martial arts. The sports laws & regulations at that time were established under the special historical conditions, and therefore enjoyed their particular features. However, there were still no clear distinctions in the field of sports.2) The school sports laws made by the government of the Republic of China were widely enforced in the PE in primary schools, middle schools, colleges and sports programs etc. The laws and regulations concerning school sports and public sports were specified, which played a certain, positive role in the development of the public sports. The laws and regulations about competitive sports were also drafted, and the related schemes and methods were enforced at all-levels sports meeting. The establishment of such laws and regulations had exerted varied, yet positive effects in different areas, which were carried out on a diverse scale in some large cities in southwest as well as northwest China during the period of anti-Japanese war. However, these laws and regulations were not implemented well throughout China, mainly due to the adverse conditions in the fields of politics, economy and culture at that time. As far as sport is concerned, the measures for the enforcement of these laws & regulations were also inadequate.3) After the anti-Japan war, sports laws and regulations set some requirement on school P.E and youngsters'physical training, in the meantime, attached great importance to military sports. As well, they made explicit requests for P.E faculty and on optimizing the use of sports equipment and facilities. In addition, they included some basic standards set for the nationwide sports meetings. However, they turned out in vain in the enforcement process as a result of bleak living conditions and other factors.Overall, the establishment of sports laws and regulations during the period of the Republic of China is of great significance and value in terms of sports and health norms in modern schools as well as sports progression in society, which prove an invaluable reference resource for legislation of modern sports. Given the problematic issues in the law-making process involved, an objective, balanced perspective is thus entailed4) The Sports Laws and Regulations of the Republic of China has the striking characteristics and timeliness.It shows the government attaches great importance to sports development.