Village Education Under Financial Shortage

Recently, with the great development of the tax and fee reform, the issues of village public finance, village democracy and villagers' self-governance have become the focus in the country political, economic life and academic study. During this process, the issue of village education stands out which deserves reflection and analyses. As the important part supplied by village social life and public productions, village education reflects the present financial condition of a village to a great extent.At the same tune, its condition and development tendency plays such a role that shouldn't be neglected as regarding the state construction, the village public finance and the relationship between the state and the peasants. Studies on village education issue have important theoretical and realistic meaning.Based on empirical investigation, this paper uses the comprehensive analytical model composed of several theories, such as politics, economics, pedagogy etc. to card the transformation process of village educational finance, recognize the diploma of village education under financial shortage at present and try to give a theoretical explanation for the cause.First of all. the paper gives a brief depiction on the history of H Street, which is the local background of the establishment and development of H Street Middle School. Then the author drew a conclusion on the history of the H Street Middle School in the totalitarianism period from seven aspects as the folio wings: administrative organization settings, financial base and economical sources, basic construction of the school, teachers' income and welfare, students' educational expenditure and flow, the educational scale and the talents cultivation and the relationship between senior charge sector and local government. It is that the government, by means of political movement, economical and administratrve measure, made use of village economical and cultural resources, pushed on the modernization process and supported the development of village educationconstantly and steadily. As the result of village education scale expansion, school construction scale was enlarged and capital demand increased. With the increase of grass-rooted education administrative systems, the staffs and education cost increased. All of these reasons have caused the contradiction between the state supply and educational demand, which is an important cause of formation for the problems of village education.Secondly, from the view of legal text, the paper points out that the government, which has changed from a dominator role during the totalitarianism period to a driver role under financial shortage, has had the responsible subjects of education degraded and constituted new objects for education modernization to direct the developmental orientation of village education. From the analyses on the conditions of the village education in the financial shortage, we can conclude that obvious changes have taken place in administrative organization setting and finance base of the schools. Financial shortage greatly affected the normal operation of school, causing a series of problems such as difficulties in salary distribution of teachers, drainage of excellent teachers, increasing economic burden of students, high dropout rate etc. All these problems had come into being at the background that state totalitarianism period transformed to the pressurized system and during the process that educational finance base transformed. It embodied the contradiction caused by social interaction between the state and the village during the process of modernization.Thirdly, the author conceives that the dilemma which village education is facing under financial shortage has already restricted its development. Furthermore, it is an important factor that affects village social governance, stability and village economic development. The paper analyzes the reasons for this condition from three dimensions of finance, political system and modernization. From the dimension of finance, the investment...