On The Transformation Of Scientific Research In American Research Universities

Teaching, research and services are the three main functions in the American research universities, and the research function is the most important feature that the American research universities distinguished the other types of universities. 1876, since the establishment of the first American research universities - Johns Hopkins University, American research universities have made a lot of scientific research after the long-term development. However, the scientific research of American research universities weren't only stay in school or laboratory. The American research universities appreciate highly the real value of scientific research. The extension and expansion of the research function——the transformation of scientific research is considered a important indicator that measure the level of a research university.Since the 1980s, American research universities have made a lot of scientific research. After the long-term development, American research universities have found the efficient way of translation, and established the perfect transformation system, which have made tremendous contribution to the development of the American economic.Since the 1990s, china selectively support leading universities, and develop them into research universities. As the construction of research universities were too late in China. So far, many research results were only to stay in school or laboratory in Chinese research universities, which didn't have any real value to the society. So it's very important to study the transformation of scientific research in the American research universities.The main part of the thesis is constituted by five chapters.Chapter one is mainly involved in the definition of related concepts. In this section, the writer of this thesis first define standards for a simple description of the American research universities and the Chinese research universities, and make a brief introduction to course of development of them. And then I will analysis their similarities and differences by comparison of the American research universities and the Chinese research universities. At last, the author introduces the meaning of the scientific research. Research university scientific research mainly includes three kinds of scientific research: results of basic research; results of applied research; results of technology development. The transformation of scientific research in research universities generally refers to the conversion of research results to improve the productivity, and carry out follow-up test, development, application and dissemination activities for the practical value and market prospects results generated by scientific research and technology development.Chapter two analyses the status and ways of the American research universities. The status of the American research universities are: the multi-output of scientific research; more high conversion ratio and the high rate of social contributions. The four transformation channels of scientific research include the establishment of the university of science and technology industrial park; the outcome of the transfer of patents; international science and technology cooperation ; training high-quality scientific research personnel.Chapter three discusses the success factors of scientific research in American research universities. This section analyses mainly from four aspects of that culture, legal security system, research funding and organizational structure.Chapter four analyses mainly the problems and the causes of the transformation of science research in Chinese research universities. Low outputs, low conversion rate, fewer original research results and high-tech results, low rate of social contribution, which are the problems of the transformation of science research in Chinese research universities. The author analyses mainly the causes of the transformation of science research in Chinese research universities, which based on the scientific research system, legal protection, financial, organizational and investment mechanisms.Chapter five is the reference and reform. After a careful analysis of the problems and the causes of the transformation of science research in Chinese research universities, this part puts forward some recommendations to promote the transformation of scientific research in Chinese research universities, which bases on learning the successful transformation experience of scientific research from American research universities. Recommendations in this section are mainly from the analysis of four aspects: cultural values, policies and regulations, research funding and organizational structure, and put forward some key points of reference and reform to promote the transformation of scientific research results in our research universities.