| The leaves of Pinaceae plants which distribute widely in Heilongjiang province contain abundant volatile oil. The pine leaves is rich in resources and have high developing value in the sphere of medicines, food processing, essences, cosmetics, and so on. In this study, the volatile oil from pine leaves were extracted by steam distillation method according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia and analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) with the help of two chemometrics methods- heuristic evolving latent projections (HELP) methods and Multicomponent spectral correlative chromatography theory (MSCC). This study mainly includes two parts:Primary part: Study of the chemical components of volatile oil from pine leaves of Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr. by GC-MS and HELP methodContents: 1. Designing three-factor and three-level orthogonal tests according to orthogonal table L9 (34) to determined the optimum conditions of extraction process of volatile oil from pine leaves of Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr. 2. Analysis and comparative of the chemical components of volatile oil from pine leaves of Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr. collected in nine different places. 3. Analysis and comparative of the chemical components of volatile oil from pine leaves of Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr. collected in one place at five different months. 4. Study of the effect of time drying in shade on the chemical components and contents of volatile oil from pine leaves of Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr.Findings: 1 The optimum extraction process of volatile oil from pine leaves of Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr. was obtained: adding 10 folds of water,extracting for 8 h after 4 h of soaking. 2 The chemical components of volatile oil are similar and the number of common components is 57. The main chemical components are monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes and their Oxygenated derivatives and there are also a bit of diterpens. Among the main chemical components,α-Pinene,β-Pinene, 3-Carene,β-Phellandrene,β-Caryophyllene,α-Caryophyllene, 1, 6-Cyclodecadiene, 1-methyl-5- methylene-8-(1-methylethyl), Naphthalene, 1, 2, 4a, 5, 8, 8a-Hexahydro-4, 7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl) andα-Cadinol have a higher relative contents. We also found that the relative contents of the main chemical components have a big difference in different samples, from which, we could conclude that the habitat has a big effect on the chemical components of pine leaves. 3 The collection time has a big effect on the number of detected chemical components and relative contents. The number of detected chemical components from June to October is 119, 123, 102, 136 and 132 respectively. The relative contents of monoterpenes are higher at June than at July, and then, reach the highest at august or September, but, become lower at October. The relative contents of sesquiterpenes reach the highest at June or October and become lower at august or September. The relative contents of diterpenes reach the highest at July or August and become lower and lower at September and October. 4 The time drying in shade has a big effect on the number of detected chemical components and relative contents. The number of detected chemical components from one month to three months is 110, 119, and 126 respectively. Among the 83 qualitative chemical components, there are 43 components'contents are the highest after dried in shade for one month which represent 62.58%, and among them, there are 18 monoterpenes, 15 sesquiterpenes and 2 diterpenes which represent 28.95%, 27.65% and 5.39% respectively, and others include 2 Aldehydes, 2 Alcohols and 2 Esters. There are 20 components'contents are the highest after dried in shade for two months which represent 12.41%, and among them, there are 8 monoterpenes and 12 sesquiterpenes which represent 3.31% and 9.10% respectively. There are 23 components'contents are the highest after dried in shade for two months which represent 30.97%, and among them, there are 2 monoterpenes, 11 sesquiterpenes and 4 diterpenes which represent 0.15%, 26.20% and 2.52% respectively.Second part: Comparative research on chemical components of volatile oil from pine leaves of several Pinaceae plants by GC-MS and MSCC theoryContents: 1 Comparing the common chemical components of volatile oil from pine leaves of Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim. P.jezoensis Carr. var. microsperma (Lindl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu, P.koraiensis Nakai, Litv. var. mongolica Litv. P.koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. P.tabulaeformis Carr.with Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr. by the help of MSCC theory. 2 In order to confirm the comparative results, we use the HELP method to analyze the chemical components of the volatile oil from pine leaves of the seven Pinaceae plants.Findings: 1 The number of common components of volatile oil from pine leaves of six Pinaceae plants with Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr. is 32, 47, 49, 61, 67, 69 respectively. 2 The main chemical components of volatile oil from pine leaves of Pinaceae plants are monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes, their Oxygenated derivatives and esters compounds . There are 10 free-oxygen monoterpenes, 9 free-oxygen sesquiterpenes, 2 Alcohols and 1 Ester compounds among the 22 components. . Among the common chemical components, the main chemical areα-Pinene, Camphene andβ-Pinene among monoterpenes andβ-Caryophyllene,α-Caryophyllene and Naphthalene, 1, 2, 4a, 5, 8, 8a-hexahydro-4, 7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl) among sesquiterpenes and Bornyl acetate among ester compounds. The comparative result shows that the number of common components bettwen six Pinaceae plants and Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr. is 29, 36, 43, 50, 56 and 55 respectively. |
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