| Secondary education, which is located between higher education and primary education ,includes middle school education, secondary teacher education, secondary vocational education .These three parts are independent but relatively interconnected, and each part has an important aspect in training, therefore secondary education plays an important role in the entire education system. After entering the Modern, the secondary education became more important because of their special status to the community. Being the focus of education reform, and education reform before changing the concept of education, secondary education has an important role in guiding. Early the Republic of China refer to the year 1912 after the establishment of the Republic of China in Nanjing until the establishment of the National Government, this stage is the stage which China's education concept has its rapid changes, during which the secondary education concept was changing at its fast speed.The Nanjing National government period, is the pioneering stage of bourgeoisie secondary education concept. Because of the tight pressed time, although it has the desire in the education concept to study Europe and America, however, in the actual educational work, can only make part of modification to the old-style education. In the"壬子——癸丑"educational system, the armed forces nationalism education ideological trend and the compulsory education ideological trend is pushing the medium education concept, along with society's development and practical work's expansion, the secondary education concept transforms slowly to bourgeoisie.The first year when Central authorities move to Beijing, in the situation of turbulence, traditionalism rose and has had certain influence in the society, in addition, Yuan Shikai restored monarchy's activity while at that time Germany represents its formidable image in the world, the secondary education concepts was influenced by all this and became complex. Displayed in"Hunan Case"both has the intention to studied Germany and wanted to resumes the partial traditional education, this reflected the intellectual troop that the component was complex, the secondary education concepts presented the tendency to study Germany because of the special historical perspective stage. But this tendency was getting worse while following the Yuan Shikai monarchy'defeat. But in the"Hunan Case"regarding secondary education's localization is an obvious progress, and its understanding of the three partial functions of secondary education was much higher.After Yuan Shikai's defeat in restoring the monarchy, the Chinese society has presented its development achievement in the preceding stage.. The vocational education ideological trend, New Culture Movement's emerge, enable the secondary education concept to have the fierce change. Vocational education's position penetrates into the secondary education, regardless of being the secondary education or the vocational education which was deeply affected. The New Culture Movement's emerging had the profound impact on the secondary education, and enabled the object of the secondary education to have the huge change in the idea, and was promoting the secondary education moral instruction idea to change. The quantity of students returned from Europe and America increased,and impelled the secondary education idea to Europe and America's transformation, but simultaneously two American educationalist's coming to China, on the one hand the traditional education idea of China had been enormously impacted ; On the other hand, it provided very big help to the educational system's formulation in China.In the 1922 educational system, the secondary education had the caper-like progress, and was quite accurate to secondary education's localization. Moreover, it entrust with the secondary education enormous flexibility, and caused the secondary education's function in training the qualified citizens and living the source qualified for the higher education transportation to be assigned reasonably qualified.In the 1922 educational system, the secondary education was divided into two stages, the three constituents of secondary education may combine more freely under the controlled condition. As for the students, it was more advantageous to their individual development. Simultaneously the 1922 educational system also had the serious issues in the actual execution. The comprehensive middle schools caused the teacher education and the vocational education to be weakened, blindly believed in the educational system excessively, paid not attention to the Chinese actual union, caused the secondary education to fully suffer the criticism in afterward practical. China's educators started to get rid of the external educational pattern's disturbance, and started to stand in the native place's angle to ponder the Chinese secondary education's developing model. The democracy education ideological trend started to be paid attention by the educators. Under the influence of the idea of the common people education, the secondary education started to develop towards the partial countryside areas.Under the stern revolutionary situation, Guangzhou National government strengthened the control of the education, and requested education to be"revolutionized", the secondary education became revolutionized and became a strength of revolutionary struggle, which promoted Guangzhou revolution situation's development, and provided the advantageous support for the consolidation and the struggle of Guangzhou base. Simultaneously also built the foundation for the carring out of the Three People's Principles of Sun Yat-sen for the Nanjing National government, and gained the experience.The vicissitude process of secondary education idea in earlier period of Republic of China , manifested the outstanding people in the educational circles as an influential role in the impetus education idea progress and in the management of actual education. In the process of the general populace's acception to the education, educational system's question may expose. The outstanding people in the educational circles would find out the problems and in the process of attempting to solve in the actual educational work question to have the education idea transformation,.Once this kind of change was approved for the most outstanding people in educational circles, it would have the influence to the actual educational work, and would have institutional to transform, enhance the level of the actual educational work, and finally affect again the general populace. |
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