In The More Zongfan Relationship Disintegration And The Reaction Of The Qing Dynasty

Since the Song Dynasty, the suzerain-vassal relationship is the maintain ties ofChina and Vietnam. Chinese lives in the imperial statue, and Vietnam as a vassal state,lives in the lower-power status. To follow the noble and humble, the new King ofVietnam must be canonized by the Emperor of China when they ascend the throne,and shall report regularly to the Chinese into the offer tribute to show surrender.China as Akira big country demeanor by reward tributary, protect vassal state normalruling order responsibility. The suzerain-vassal relationship stretches more than onethousand years and it becomes a tradition.In modern times, France invaded Vietnam, and make Vietnam as a springboardinto southwest China. France coveted Vietnam and the use of force, was a seriousthreat to the Sino-Vietnamese vassal relations subsisting. In this regard, the Qingcourt had to maintain this traditional relationship between China and Vietnam. Beforethe Sino-French War, the Qing Dynasty had different views on protecting the vassalstate and abandoning the vassal state. With the intensification of French aggressionagainst Vietnam, the Qing court opinion within gradually the unification ministerworkers have Paul fan suggestions. China has always attached great importance topeace, but before the outbreak of the Sino-French War, the representations betweenTseng Chi-tse and French, and the negotiations between Li Hongzhang, BaoHai,Arthur Tricou and Francois-Ernest Fournier had no fruitless. Finally China had to usethe force to defend the more suzerain-vassal relations and China as the dignity of theimperial state. After the outbreak of the Sino-French War, the Qing army officers andmen fought skillfully in the military advantage, the Qing government was eagersummation, ultimately defeated by the Sino-French War "unbeaten, the Frenchvictorious and wins" in the end. After the war the signing of the Sino-French NewTestament, declaring the disintegration of vassal relations, Sino-Vietnamese At thispoint, the relationship between the French-Vietnamese colonial replace vassal relations, and Vietnam, the nation, the Chinese heavenly dream broken, the vassallost.Sino-Vietnamese vassal relations disintegration product of the Modern Westernpowers for colonial expansion in East Asia, but also the inevitable result of thetraditional system of international relations in East Asia, the impact of modernWestern system of international relations. Vassal relations as a mutually voluntary,unwritten, not legally binding bilateral relations, does not meet the development trendof modern treaty regime, and it is inevitable to be eliminated. But the Vietnam vassalrelations disintegration is passive, not fair, and seriously damaged the fundamentalinterests of China and Vietnam. Since then French colonial rule in Vietnam as aFrench protectorate, and the southwest door of China is also open to the French.Vassal relations disintegration also declared the old Far Eastern system ofinternational relations-the end of the center of the system of vassal state to China,Instead, a new system of international relations-Modern Western powers of thecolonial system.