Exploratory Research About Needs Of Persons Who Lost Only One-child

In the early1980s, China began to implement the family planning policy,and demanded a couple having only one child. However, singleness leaded to vulnerability. All kinds of social risks, had caused only children to die. This disaster got her or his parents into heavy sorrow. As the one-child policy continued, the problem that lost one-child had become the common and prominent social problem.As the one-child died, great changes had taken place in his/her parents’ life.And now how their living conditions? what were their really needs?Could their needs get to meet?If no,what was the reasons?These questions were worth getting our attentions. Because it was not only related to these parents’protection of relevant rights and interests, but also in relation to the effective degree of measures of the government and society. What’s more, it also influenced social stability and development. Now the investigation about Parents who have lost their only child mainly focused on the news and medias. And in the academic field, it was less. In previous studies, most of articles usually put the families of one-child death and disability together as the research objects; Research contents generally focused on the benefits of running mechanism, social policy support and so on. There were not the system research about their need.On the following topics "need",I divided this paper into five parts:Part One:Firstly, the chapter1was introduction. It mainly introduced the research background, significance and subject; Secondly, the chapter2was literature reviews; Lastly,the chapter3was the introduction of research methods. This article used qualitative research methods, and the methods of data collection included the semi-structured interview, observation and literature analysis.Semi-structured interviews included online interview and traditional interview.Part Two:The chapter4was description of need.I summarized their needs into three types:one was economy support need, and it included the need of national economic compensation, medical help and work.Two was the life care need. It included the needs of nursing care and health care. Three was the spiritual comfort need, and the main contents included the psychological counseling needs, get care needs and spiritual needs.Part Three:The chapter5was the factors’analysis about need.From the perspective of ecological system theory, whether the need of the person who lost their only child was meet, one hand it was affected by their own vulnerability;on the other hand, more importantly, because of the imperfection of national policy, system and the basic unit government’s neglect, leaded to their relevant rights and interests cannot get protection. In addition, insufficient social attention and support, also affected the need to meet.Part Four:The chapter6was the measures. From the subject level, community level, government policy level and non-governmental social organization level, I put forward the corresponding countermeasures and Suggestions.Part Five:The chapter7was the conclusion,discussion and limitations of this paper.However, as an exploratory study, this article also exists limitations:Firstly, this study based on my own research experiences, so it is limited by my research level to some extent.Secondly,Interviews are difficult.Six cases cannot cover all circumstances.