Study On The Extraction Of Ganoderma Lucidum Spore Lipids

G.lucidum (Ganoderma lucidum) spores are sexual reproduction cells released byG.lucidum. Spore is oval with a truncation in one side, containing one drop of oil. G.lucidumlipids (GSL) extracted from G.lucidum spores are rich in bioactive ingredients, such asG.lucidum acids, unsaturated fatty acids and ergosterol. With special physiological efficacy,GSL has a vast market prospect in healthcare and medicine. The sporoderm-broken methodsof G.lucidum spores, along with extraction and refine of GSL are disclosed in this paper.Acid-heating method, ultrasonic method and high-energy nano impact Grinding (HNIG)was used for sporoderm-breaking of G.lucidum spores. Through the compare of sporoderm-broken ratio and oil yields, HNIG was found as the most effective method. In the conditionsof processing time6h, beads to spores ratio3:1, sporoderm-broken ratio, oil yields ofG.lucidum spores were90.36%and30.79%. Appearances of spores between intact andsporoderm-broken are different, while partical size of sporoderm-broken spore was233nm,much smaller than intact ones. Inner contents of spores run off in the picture of scan electronmicroscopy. Infrared spectrum analysis showed that main chemical composition did notchange significantly between intact and sporoderm-broken spores.Extraction time, temperature, pressure and entrainer on oil yields and content ofbioactive components were investigated in extraction of GSL by supercritical CO2. Theresults showed the optimum conditions were extraction time3h, extraction pressure35MPa,extraction time48oC, extrainer（ethanol）20%. Under the conditions, oil yields reached29.35%. Through oxidant stability study, the temperature, light and air were found to be themost important factors on GSL. In compare of the effects of several antioxidants on GSL, VE(600ppm) was proved to be the most effective.Winterization was introduced to resolve the crystallization of GSL. Under the optimumconditions of crystal temperature6oC, crystal growth time24h, cooling rate I and II were3oC/h and0.5oC/h, GSL recovery was84.41%, and GSL can stay transparent under0oC formore than5.5h. After winterization, contents of saturated fatty acid in GSL declined from26.20%to20.50%, while the contents of the unsaturated acid in GSL increased from74.73%to80.17%.Molecular distillation was employed to purify GSL. Under the optimum conditions ofheating temperature210oC, scraper rotation rate160r/min, feeding rate2mL/min and coolingtemperature50oC, POV and AV of GSL can decreased to4.95meq/Kg and0.43mg KOH/g.Study on changed of minor compounds content of GSL from refinery process. The POV,AV and frozen transparent time of GSL can meet The National Standard, while the minorcompounds contents reduced to some extent. The average loss of G.lucidum A, sterols and total triterpenes were11.58%，14.41%and10.84%. As a whole, deodorization affected thequality of GSL most significantly.