China's Rural School Restructuring Research

Content:Layout adjustment of rural primary and secondary schools is an inevitable result of the family planning policy and rural urbanization, and an objective requirement of the reducing students and a higher quality of educational resources. It is also a necessary measure to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, to balance the educational resources, and to realize the fairness of compulsory education. However, some new problems appeared in the process of the layout adjustment. In this paper, the author puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to the problems, especially about the problems of the construction and management of the newly-built rural boarding schools in recent years.In this paper, the author takes the outline of National Policy for Education Development as the basis, takes all-round development of teenagers as the very starting point, and takes balanced development of compulsory education within the region as the objective. Besides, the author also follows physical and mental development of young people. To take the layout adjustment of Heishan country primary and secondary schools and the construction of boarding schools as an example, the author does an empirical research and field investigation, and founds that after layout adjustment for schools, economies of scale are formed in new schools, teaching cost is reduced, school conditions and transformation of teaching methods are improved, teaching staff and teaching quality is optimized; in addition, it is better to speed up the process of urbanization, to promote the change of farmers’ concept. During the investigation, the author finds some more problems. It is with undue haste to stop or merge some schools, so that it makes a waste of educational resources and imbalance of compulsory education. After stopping or merging a large number of schools, it brings some new problems, such as traffic safety, adverse effect on students’ physical and mental health and food safety etc. in day schools; and it also brings a series of new problems in new boarding schools, including new education and management problems, more pressure of teachers, increasing education cost of families and parents’not understanding and complaint to the layout adjustment.For solving above problems, this paper analyses reasons for shortage in implementing policies, particularity of education, impact of rural culture on education, development characteristics of rural schools and estimation for the birthrate in rural areas. Besides, this paper also puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to make scientific and reasonable planning policies, to solve problems of day students, to improve the construction of boarding schools, to allocate teacher resources rationally, and to strengthen supervision of the government.