Research On The Balance Development Of Basic Education Between Urban And Rural

As the result of economic development and the prevalence of compulsory education, the operation conditions and the quality of education of basic education have been greatly enhanced. Owing to various factors in social economy, the imbalanced development of basic education in China between regions, countryside and cities, schools, hierarchies are of various forms, tending to incessantly extend. It leads to craze of school-choosing and rent-seeking. Super-school is in hub to hub with tiny school. And there are still difficulties for migrant children in receiving education. All these give rise to obstacles in developing a balanced education and become eminent in educational development.To improve the situation, ministry of education has issued a series of polices to spare no efforts to promote the balanced development of basic education. Meanwhile, experts have discussed actively on how to realize a balanced development of basic education, and made profound analysis on the causes of its imbalance and provided constructive advice as well. But, these studies are mainly qualitative research with unilateral view. In light of this, the author, integrating the theory and research methods of human geography with that of statistics, economics and pedagogy, hoping to explore a new method to study on the imbalanced development of basic education in city and countryside and provide theory and advice to it. It is both of theoretical and realistic meaning.The study can be divided into four parts as follows,Firstly, we can learn from the description of the present situation that a great deal of money has been invested into the development of education in rural areas, and the operation condition of basic education has been greatly improved, the teaching instrument and equipment configuration level continues to increase, and the group of teachers are constantly large and sophisticated. Though such achievements in basic education has been made, schools in countryside are still faced with many shortages, for instance, educational resources are wasted; while resources of schools in city are exhausted. The Differences between city and countryside are still existent.Secondly, differences are not equal to imbalance. Only when the gas has exceeded a reasonable scope can it be seen as imbalance. To make clear what can be called true balance, the author gradually constructs a measurement index system for measuring the degree of balance in basic education between city and rural, considering the distribution of educational resources and quality of education.At last, the author selects40primary school in Heshan District for analysis as an empirical study, using the standard score method to gain the situation of resources distribution of all primary schools in Heshan District. By using the coefficient of variability, the weighted coefficient of variation, the fixed weighted coefficient of variation, and the Gini coefficient to measure the Differences of resource distribution in these schools in Heshan District. And by using Theil index, differences are separated into3parts:differences between urban and rural areas, differences between cities, differences between countryside. Then, the author analyzed the input-output efficiency of educational resources in the primary school in Heshan District by adopting the CRS mode and VRS mode from DEA.The author draws the conclusion that:From the perspective of balance of resources distribution of basic education between city and countryside, schools in cities of Heshan District take the lead; while schools in countryside are relatively weak. However, the differences of human resources, material resources and financial resources between city and countryside are not eminent, which meet the basic requirements on county level compulsory education drawn up by the institution of Educational supervision of Hunan Province. With the rapid development of Urbanization, balanced development of basic education between city and countryside is confronted with new challenges. We must keep the strategy of sustainable education, in order to turn balance of Low-level into a high one.From the perspective of balance of education quality of basic education between city and countryside, the proposition of effective DEA on schools in cities of Heshan District is notably larger than schools in countryside, and the efficiency of educational resources distribution in schools in cities is naturally higher than schools in countryside. However, returns to scale in most schools in city are unchanging or even decreasing; while, returns to scale in most schools in the countryside are increasing. Therefore, educational resources can be invested relatively more into schools in the countryside to expand output and enhance the quality of education, which will make contribution to the balance of basic education between the city and the countryside.