The Study Of Investment In Human Capital And Countermeasure In Chongqing In The Perspective Of Balancing Urban And Rural

Approved by the State Development and Reform Commission, Chongqing becamethe establishment of urban and rural comprehensive reform pilot area on June7,2007.From then on the process of balancing urban and rural development of Chongqing waspromoted further. To establish urban and rural test area aims to balance urban andrural areas, solve the three rural problems, narrow the gap between rich and poor. Theidea that should give priority to the development of the industrial at the cost ofagriculture caused the imbalance between urban and rural areas, and lead to theformation of the widening gap between city and countryside and two social patterns.This kind of social pattern is not conducive to the coordinated development of urbanand rural, is also not conducive to social justice, harmony, sustainable development. Tonarrow the gap between urban and rural areas, we must focus on rural areas. Onlysolved the three rural problems, could we steep on the of coordinated development ofurban and rural; Only changed the mode of economic growth, could we achieve therural economic new development; Only improved the quality of the labor force andcontent of science and technology in agricultural, could we change the mode ofeconomic growth. To improve the quality of labor and to develope the science andtechnology both depends on human capital investment. On the other side, human capitalinvestment is an important way to balance urban and rural development, and the thoughtof coordinated development of urban and rural areas has strategic to the human capitalinvestment. The degree of urban-rural integration is an important standard of theinvestment of human capital quality.The effect of human capital investment starts to be paid attention to since theeighteen sixties. Schultz, Edward Dennison using the empirical measurement explainedwhy there was a large number of "residual value" while using the traditional analysismethod to estimate labor and capital in the national income growth. They demonstratedthat the "residual value" the development should be attributed to the education, that isthe growth of human capital. This concussion caused academic vibration, and humancapital investment has become a hot research field. At the individual level, humancapital investment can enhance personal reward ability; At the social level, it can alsopromote economic development. Because its investment rate of return is generallyhigher than the material capital investment, human capital investment has become an important way of coordinating urban and rural development. It can be faster than anyother way to achieve equality for urban and rural population in access to educationopportunities, training opportunities, health care opportunities and migrationopportunities.This study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods,and made a comprehensive use of the knowledge of administration, statistics, economics,and human resources management to study on the basis of large number ofco-ordinating investment literature and data on urban and rural areas of Chongqing andhuman capital, and concluded as follows. Firstly, there are many problems in the humancapital investment, Including lack of personnel structure development plan, lack ofinvestment in vocational education;Rural human capital outflows, urban and ruralhuman capital reserves continued becomes unbalanced; The rate of return on investmentin human capital is low and the rate of urban areas is higher than that of rural. Thefactors that Constraints Chongqing human capital investment play its role in balancingurban-rural development includes Human capital investment is small and uneven;Population movements are limited by system limitations and is difficult to configure,Public service system functions are lack and imperfect; The income gap between urbanand rural residents are large and so on. Therefore, this study suggests that we shouldimprove the system of investment in human capital and policy environment; Narrow the incomegap between urban and rural residents, and greatly increase the farmers’ income; Buildpublic service system and market mechanisms of human capital investment; Buid amode of promoting rural to urban, promoting Point to an area, taking forstering Lordwhich with Chongqing characteristics, in order to reform and improve Chongqing human capitalinvestment strategy and promoting effects of human capital investment on balancing urban and rural.