Study On Medicinal Plant Resources And Diversity In Longshan Mountain Area

Longshan Mountain Area in Shaanxi Province was the research object in this study. The medicinal plant resources in 38 plots were invested by quadrat method. The family, genus, species composition and flora characteristics of medicinal plants in this area were analyzed, and the growth types, medicinal parts, sexual flavour and medicinal efficacy of medicinal plants in this area were defined. The status and problems of the development of medicinal plants in this area were also discussed and proposed protection advice, in order to provide the scientific basis for the sustainable development of medicinal plants in Longshan Mountain Area. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Study on the flora of medicinal plant resources in Longshan Mountain AreaThere were 1838 species of medicinal plants belonging to 763 genera and 146 families in Longshan Mountain Area. In which 123 families,726 genera and 1741 species are angiosperm; 7 families, 11 genera and 25 species are gymnosperms;9 families,16 genera and 56 species are ferns; 7 families, 10 genera and 16 species are Lower plants. From the composition of genera and species, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae contained more genera; Polygonum, Berberis, Viola, Artemisia, Bupleurum contained more species. The study area containing 2-5 genera of the family, containing 1 genera of the family, and containing 1 species of the genera had number of medicinal plants, and the proportion is higher, indicating that the plant taxa richness. The composition of geographical elements were complex. There were 10 areal-types and 12 subtypes of families and 15 areal-types and 18 subtypes of genera in the area. The tropical and temperate components were dominant in the areal-types of medicinal plants genera, the degree of specific components was low. 2. Study on the diversity of medicinal plant resources in Longshan Mountain AreaThe majority of medicinal plant life form in Longshan mountain Area were the perennial herbaceous species, followed by herbs and shrubs of medicinal plants 1 and 2 years old. Medicinal parts can be divided into 12 categories, the whole grass(strains) of medicinal plants was the most, followed by the root class, roots, leaves, fruits, etc. the medicinal plant resources of resistance was divided into cold, cool, warm, hot, flat five categories, each taste medicinal plant species as follows: cold, flat, warm, cool, hot, accounted for the total number of species of medicinal plants in Longshan Mountain Area. Medicinal plant resources smell in the Longshan Mountain Area can be divided into acrid, bitter, sweet, sour, salty, bland, astringent seven categories, different flavor of medicinal plant species in descending order were: bitter, sweet, acrid, sour, bland, astringent, salty. Main medicinal efficacy of medicinal plants in Longshan Mountain Area contained plant species from more to less as follows: antipyretic, rheumatism medicine, blood circulation drugs. Differences in smell, resistance and efficacy was decided jointly by the medicinal plants of its own biological characteristics, genetic characteristics and environment. 3. Current utilization situation and protection of medicinal plant resources in Longshan Mountain AreaA total of 45 species of rare and endangered plants in the China plant red data book of Longshan Mountain Area, belonging to 43 genera and 38 families. Endangered medicinal plants mainly had Syringa pinnatifolia, Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall.var.japonicus(C.A.Mey) Hoo et Tseng, etc. Gradually endangered medicinal plants mainly had Glycine soja, Astragalus membranaceus, Juglans regia, etc. Rare medicinal plants mainly had Eucommia ulmoides, Euptelea pleiosperma, Coptis chinensis, etc. There are 103 species of Shaanxi authentic herbs, belonging to 42 families and 82 genera, accounted for medicinal plant species 5.6%, and accounted for species of Shaanxi authentic herbs 33.66%. There are 144 species of Shaanxi featured medicinal herbs, belonging to 51 families and 107 genera, accounted for medicinal plant species 7.83%, and accounted for species of Shaanxi featured medicinal herbs 92.90%. At present, the drug users has reached households, the district has introduced many kinds of famous Chinese herbal varieties. Longshan Mountain Area set up pharmaceutical factories within the Chinese herbal medicine, proprietary Chinese medicines integrated processing, products were sold to more than 40 medical units, the acquisition and sales operation scale of Longshan Mountain Area herbs were relatively small.In summary, the wild medicinal plant resources in Longshan Mountain Area were more, medicinal feature rich and varied, but the development and utilization of still exist many problems, such as the development degree of utilization is not high, there is a waste, lack of medicinal plant cultivation, introduction and development and management unscientific, etc. Combining with situ conservation, ex situ protection and protection in vitro to ensure the sustainable development of medicinal plant resources in the area, the main purpose is the long-term retention of medicinal plant germplasm gene, consolidate and develop the resources of medicinal plants.