| Wudu District lies in the southeast of Gansu Province, middle reaches of the Bailong River, between Qinling and Minshan and is the conjunction areas of Qinba Mountains. It belongs to subtropical and warm temperate herbal zone of Mountainous Area of Longnan in Chinese herbal medicine regionalization of Gansu Province. And it is located in the transition zone from north sub-tropical humid to warm temperate subhumid climate, Where is suitable for the development of green Chinese medicinal materials. Based on the Fourth National Chinese Traditional Medicine Resource Census Pilot Job which is organized by the national administration of traditional Chinese medicine, the paper researches and analyses the species diversity, pharmaceutical properties, flora composition, development and protection of wild medicinal plants in Wudu District, so that our work can provide reference data for the development of wild medicinal plants and biodiversity protection of Wudu District. The main results:(1)According to specimens identification and relevant materials, the number of wild medicinal plant resources in Wudu District is 734 species, belonging to 457 genera and 157 families. Among which Fungi have 20 species of 17 genera of 14 families, Lichenes have 5 species of 4 genera of 4 families, Bryophyta have 11 species of 9 genera of 8 families, Pteridophyta have 26 species of 18 genera of 13 families, Gymnospermae have 16 species of 10 genera of 6 families, Angiospermae have 656 species of 399 genera of 112 families.(2) The life forms of wild medicinal plants in Wudu include 7 types. Among which perennial herbs are dominated, accounting for 47.68% of the total wild medicinal plants species in Wudu District; The next is shrubs, accouting for 17.17; one or two year-born herbs rank the thrid, accounting for 16.21% of total species, then the trees, occupying 9.95% of the total species; the proportion of Fungi, Lichenes and Bryophyta add up to 4.90%; vines are relatively little, in which woody vines accounts for 2.59%, herbaceous vines accounts for 1.50%.(3) According to the different medicinal parts, the medicinal parts in Wudu are divided into 9 types, among which whole plant-type medicine accounts for the most, occupying 32.15% of the total species; root-like and rootstalk-like type is the second, accounting for 24.11% of the total species;overground part type ranks the third one and accounts for 12.40% of the total species; bark-type and other-type each accouts for 4.90%; the stem-type accounts for 2.72% of the total species and flower-type medicinal plants account for the least, only 2.59% of the total species.(4) According to different medicinal properties, the medicinal plants in Wudu can be divieded into cold, cool, peace, warm, hot and so on, totally 9 kinds. Among which cold medicine(includes great cold, cold and slight cold) are the most, accounting for 33.85% of the total species of medicinal plants; peace medicine rank the second and account for 25.46%; warm medicine( warm and light warm) the next and accounts for 21.20%; cool medicine(cool and litht cool)account for 18.92%; hot medicine are the least of all, which account for 0.57% of the total species.Based on the difference of medicinal taste, the medicinal plants in Wudu can be divided into: bitter, sweet, spicy, light, acid, acerbity and salty, 7 categories in total. Bitter medicine occupies the most with the percent of 41.96% of the total medicinal plants species; others successively are sweet medicine, accounting for 27.38%, spicy medicine accounts for 23.43%, light medicine accounts for 3.27%,acid medicine accounts for 3.13, acerbity medicine and salty medicine accounting for 0.68% and 0.14% of the total species, respectively.(5) According to different efficacies, medicinal plants in Wudu District can be divided into antipyretic drugs, relieving drugs and drugs for removing dampness by promoting diuresis et al., 16 types in all. Antipyretic drugs are the most, accounting for 35.15% of the total species of medicinal plants; the following has more speceies are rheumatism drugs(15.58%), tonic drugs(10.22), blood-activiating and stasis-dissolving drugs(6.13%), relieving drugs(5.99%), asthmatic drugs(4.77%), drugs for removing dampness by promoting diuresis(4.22), cooling blood and hemostatic drugs(3.68%). The less ones are successively qi regulating drugs, digestive drugs, attacking poison and antipruritic drugs, sedatives and tranquilizer drugs, astringent drugs, inner-warming drugs, fragrant and damp dispersing drugs and anti-cancer drugs, occupying 15.26% of the total species of all.Among all the 734 species of the wild medicinal plants in Wudu District, toxic medicinal plants(include extremely toxic, toxic and slightly toxic) account for 9.81% of the total medicinal plants.(6)Making an analysis on the composition of 157 families of wild medicinal plants in Wudu District, the results show that single species account for the most with the percent of 38.85% of the total families of wild medicinal plants; followed by which is small families(include 2-5 species) accounting for 36.94% of the total families; medium families(include 6-10 species) account for 15.92% of the total families; large families(>11 species) account for 8.28% of the total. In the composition of genera, we find that among 457 genera of wild medicinal plants in this area, single species are dominant and account for 67.83% of the total genera of the wild medicinal plants. The next are small genera(include 2-5 species), accounting for 30.42% of the total genera; large genus(> 6 species) account the least with percent of 1.75% of the tatal genera.Among areal types of medicinal seed plants flora in Wudu District, tropical areal tpye up to 44 families and account for 37.29% of the total families of wild medicinal seed plants; the second is widespread areal type which have 39 families, accounting for 33.05%; temperate areal type and its variants reach to 35 families, accounting for 29.66%. on the level of areal types of genera, up to 277 genera belong to temperate areal type and account for 67.73% of the total genera. In which north temperate areal type is the most, accounting for 44.40% of the total genera; tropical areal type has 85 genera and account for 20.78% of the total genera; widely areal type has 47 genera and accounti for 11.49% of the total genera. Among all the seed plants in China, there are 15 areal types and 31 variants, while in Wudu District there are 14 areal types and 18 variants, which shows that the medicinal seed plants in Wudu is rich in the floristic composition.(7) In Wudu, the key sensus wild medicinal plants' resource count to about 38674.36 t, the economic quantity and yearly-harvest quantity is up to 23572.41 t and 7350.76 t, respectively. Among 107 species of key sensus wild medicinal plants, the proportion of which has high or higher comprehensive value count to 101 species, accounting for 94.40% of the total key sensus species, we can see that the medicinal plants in Wudu have a relative high comprehensive value on the whole.(8) Wild medicinal plants in Wudu have numerous species and rich germplasm resources, and have a relatively large amount of natural medicinal plants resource. But recent years, due to the impact of human activities and natural disasters, wild medicinal plants in Wudu was seriously destructed. Therefore, we should try our best to take positive and effective measures to protect and manage them, using the relevant laws and regulations to strengthen the scientific and effective protection of wild medicinal plant resources in the area. |
PDF Full Text Request