Government Accountability In The Cultivation Of Non-Government Organizations:a Perspective Of Social Governance

Since the 1980s, the human society entered into the process of post-industrialization. Compared with the simplicity and certainty in agricultural society, as well as the low degree of uncertainty and complexity in the early industrial society, the social governance ecology in the post-industrial society has high uncertainty and high complexity. Under the complex ecology of social governance, various crises always happen, and human society into the "risk society" as Baker described. Risk society implies the deconstruction of industrial society and makes the social governance monopolized by government unable to adapt to the needs of the times. Risk society eliminates the effectiveness of national governance, deconstructs the order of industrial society and leads to various crisis. On the other hand, it contains new social demands and releases the space for system reform.In order to deal with the crisis caused by "risk society", governments around the world are actively exploring the road of reform. NGO is produced in the process of government reform, showing a strong vitality, and sat off the "global associational revolution" on a global scale. NGO is called "the third sector", which neither belongs to the public sector nor the private sector. It plays an active role outside the "Government/Market Failure". NGO has the possibility to become a pluralistic society governance body because of economic development, science and technology progress, diverse needs of people and NGO’s own development.Through analysis of the NGO’s growth process, we have found NGO related to the past voluntary civil society organizations, but there are fundamental differences between them. The distinction is that the former is an autonomous force and die latter is an auxiliary force. As a force of social governance, the development NGO in China is not mature and weakly autonomous. The biggest obstacle which hinders the development of NGO is not smooth relation between the Government and NGO. In the planned economy period, the government comprehensively controlled the hole society through the social construction system which characterized "organization of society". The government squeezed the development of society, making the development of civil society organizations almost at a standstill. After the reform and opening up, the relationship between state and society began to change and NGO rose. But, during the period, government faced with two contradictory. First, the "organization of society" and "social organization" of the social construction of systems coexisted. The government acts freely in the former one but inexperience in the latter one, especially in handling the relationship with NGO. Second, the government doesn’t know how to deal with NGO. Because NGO challenges its legitimacy, government hopes to control NGO in order to maintain its own legitimacy. However, on the other hand, government needs NGO to make up the governance deficiencies.The "Control-oriented" thinking from government seriously hinders the growth of NGO. Government’s "Controlling Mind" performs as the "Government-oriented" social management in reality. This results insufficiency of NGO’s social identity and public participation is not high. In addition, inadequate social management systems, including registration and management System, oversight and accountability mechanisms and evaluation and assessment mechanism, become the most realistic constraints for the growth of NGO. Therefore, it’s necessary to promote NGO developing and increase the NGO’s autonomy. In the process towards NGO’s autonomy, the Government is still the main driving force and need to assume the responsibility of nurturing NGO. Firstly, government needs to establish "Complexity Thinking" in replace of the original "Controlling Mind". If there is no fundamental change in thinking, everything is "empty talk". Secondly, the key is rationalizing the relationship between government and NGO and reposition the role of government. Government needs to shift from previous manager to service provider, improve the social management system and provide system security and operational support for NGO.