| As a treasure of the Chinese nation, Martial Arts have a long history and rich cultural heritage. Theycentralize such Chinese traditional cultural essences as philosophy, medicine, military science, aesthetics,and kinematics, and meanwhile integrate attack and defense, fitness and regimen. It is not only a traditionalmethod of health care, but also an important approach to implement quality education and inherit Chinesetraditional culture.Located in central China, Henan is the cradle of Chinese culture and also a headstream of such greatfist styles as Shaolin Fist, Chen’s Taichi, and Chang’s Fist. As a major force for social development,College students should not only have a healthy body, but also become the inheritors and successors ofChinese civilization. Thus, Henan colleges and universities, independent colleges in particular, shouldpopularize Free Combat and Routine, which meet students’ physiological and psychological needs, and alsocontribute to the dissemination and development of social functions of Martial Arts. Through researchingFree Combat and Routine in independent colleges, it is found that the study of Martial Arts mainly focuseson Martial Arts courses, technology, facilities and leaders’ emphases. However, the advantages of MartialArts have not yet been fully realized. Their development is lacking in the driving force. Furthermore,Henan colleges and universities, independent colleges in particular, lack the comprehensive and systematicresearch on Martial Arts courses.As a Henan-based special project, Martial Arts have naturally a general similarity to sports: featuringbody movement and enhance physical fitness. Good health is our basic premise of serving our motherlandand people, and also a manifestation of the vitality of the Chinese nation. It is very significant for collegestudents to master methods of applying Martial Arts. Once a student masters these methods, then he willnot be affected by space, equipment and climate, and he can practice anywhere, exercise anytime, andpersevere easily. It is very beneficial to cultivate students’ awareness and habit of lifelong physicaleducation. It is responsible for college students’ health, as well as for their after-graduation and lifelongphysical education. In conclusion, it is very important and significant for college students’ physical andpsychological health to set up Martial Arts courses in colleges and universities. This thesis is aimed at researching and analyzing the setup of Martial Arts in eight Henan’sindependent colleges. It focuses on students’ learning motivation and value orientation, course contents andcognition, attitudes, reasons, teaching results, and gender options, as well as colleges’ textbook organization,faculty and staff, sites and equipment, grade assessment, students’ community, organization framework andleaders’ emphases. The results are as follows: firstly, First, the teaching basic goal of Henan’s independentcollege courses is in line with the spirit of College Undergraduate Physical Education Teaching GuidelinesOutline, also in line with essential features and functions of Free Combat and Routine, and in line withstudents’ physical and mental health needs and social adaptability. Secondly, in terms of Free Combat andRoutine, students’ understanding and recognition, to some extent, have such problems as intuition,superficiality and one-sidedness. In independent colleges, students prefer Free Combat, while choosingMartial Arts (Free Combat and Routine). On the other hand, students’ perception over Free Combat is justconfined to its self-defense and practicality. However, its cultural connotation and other value functions areignored. When it comes to Routine, its study and development are in full and passive accordance with thearrangements of the colleges and teachers. From the gender perspective, more boys choose Free Combatwhile more girls choose Routine. Thirdly, college students are satisfied with teaching effectiveness of FreeCombat and Routine. Throughout the teaching process, students liking Free Combat show their higherinitiative all the time, representing Martial Arts spirit: undaunted and persistent. Most of them think FreeCombat possesses the better practical effects: defending themselves and protecting others. In these courses,some students fully obey schools and teachers’ arrangements and just complete their own teaching task.Their motivation is just for the credits. This kind of learning attitude has a direct impact on evaluation ofthe teaching results. Fourthly, the students in Henan’s independent colleges possess the relatively accurateperception over the contents of Free Combat.46%of the students believe that it is the actual combattechnology, while35%of the students believe that it is self-defense. However, the recognition on Routinecontents is less satisfactory, with only14%and17%respectively knowing elementary fist and elementaryinstruments, and with33%and36%respectively knowing Shaolin Fist (small Hong Fist and Luohan Fist)and Taichi (Chen’s Essential18-style and24-style).16.27%of the students think its action is stretchingand elegant and easy to perform.53.78%of students do not know why they choose Routine, and they justpassively accept it. Most of the students hold that Routine’s skills and methods are not easily mastered, because its action is complicated and complex, difficult to learn. Therefore, they show the lower learninginterest in it. Fifthly, Martial Arts teaching materials have a variety of versions, and teaching materials arelack in the regional characteristics, and cannot highlight the local characteristics of Henan Martial Arts,such as Henan Shaolin Fist and Chen’s Taichi. There is not any uniform Martial Arts textbook to wellrepresent the Central Plains Martial Arts cultural features and independent college characteristics. Sixthly, aserious shortage of professional teachers exists in the teaching of Martial Arts. Martial Arts teachers, eitherthe number or the quality, cannot meet the demand for Free Combat and Routine teaching. Seventhly,present Martial Arts courses in eight Henan independent colleges establish students’ grade evaluationmechanism which still takes their technical movements as an judgment and confirms usual results,technical achievements, and theoretical results as students’ evaluation. In the special assessment, there areno uniform methods to evaluate them. Technical assessment is random, which is not in line with thecollege’s teaching objectives. Meanwhile, it ignores such comprehensive assessment as college students’individual differences, Martial Arts literacy training, and their progress degree. Eighthly, in Henanindependent colleges, Free Combat teaching sites are the same as Routine’s, and they do not own theirrespective exclusive sites, and still use the athletics track, basketball, football field, stadium, plaza and soon to go on with their Free Combat and Routine teaching. Ninthly, although eight independent colleges areoffering courses for Free Combat and Routine teaching, there are their exclusive departments. As a publicphysical education teaching activity, the position and importance of Martial Arts are far inferior to otherpublic physical education courses. Also, there are no special Martial Arts leaders and managers, not tomention specific department of Martial Arts. Of course, there are no student interest groups, associations,clubs, and other extracurricular club activities. Organizational building, funding and leadership have notplaced sufficient emphasis on the teaching of Martial Arts. Based on all these above-mentioned situations,this author provides appropriate countermeasures, which are as follows. Firstly, Martial Arts textbookshould be compiled to embody Central Plains Martial Arts features. Secondly, Free Combat and Routineteaching should emphasize “martial culture” theory to advocate the martial virtues. Thirdly, facultyconstruction should be strengthened in a bid to enhance their professional and comprehensive capability.Fourthly, the approach of their dissemination and communication should be expanded to develop a lifelongMartial Arts philosophy. Fifthly, the demand of gender-induced content choices should be met to take a variety of student achievement evaluation mechanisms. Sixthly, funding should be increased, and leadersshould attach great importance so as to improve the status of Martial Arts courses in public physicaleducation.To conclude, Free Combat and Routine are developing vigorously in Henan independent colleges.However, many specific aspects still need further improvement and development. |
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