Kant’s Moral Education Thought Enlightenment On Middle School Moral Education In Our Country

Kant plays an important role in the western philosophical history,and for ethics, he is an insurmountable great philosopher. He has a far-reaching influence on modern western philosophy. The charm of Kant’s philosophy is not only reflected in his critical spirit, and lies in his praise of human reason. Human’s reason and freedom in Kant here is unified, reached unprecedented heights- person is purpose. The respect and affirmation for human values, directly reflected in his moral education thought.Kant pointed out that human nature have endowment to goodness and have the tendency to evil. The function of education is to make these endowments play out and make the person to nature. So he distinguishes between natural education and practical education, pointing out that moral education practice is the essence of moral education. The so-called "morality", is "personality" of human nature and moral education is to cultivate people’s personality. The implementation of personality, or the realization of morality, rely on the pure practical reason(or free will) of people, to get rid of the perceptual desire and pursuit, and then achieve self-discipline. To guide their behavior according to the rational form of legislation. So the purpose of moral education is to promote the formation of kind of moral self-discipline, namely to promote the implementation of the personality. In Kant’s view, moral education is different from other kinds of education is that it involves the "freedom", pointing to the person.The value orientation of moral education must be " people is the goal", or moral education will be reduced to a "tool" rather than "making people become people". For this reason, Kant put forward his unique ethical teaching method and ethical practice method.China’s middle school moral education clearly shows "ignorance of people". Specific performance is as follows. The formulation of moral education target does not consider the individual moral requirements, but only for the need of the social, political, and economic; In the process of moral education, the relationship between teachers and students is a kind of " subject- object ". The content of moral education is simplified to knowledge-education, neglecting the student’s complete form of individual character. And the methods of moral education based on a one-way infusion. The moral evaluation is single, and teachers are the main subject of evaluation. Kant tells us that people is the goal, and it should make people return to moral education. So in the moral education,we should turn the theory of tools to the theory of meaning, turn the theory of teaching to the theory of generating, and turn the theory of heteronomy into the theory of self-discipline.The integrated use of various forms of moral education, promote the formation of students’ independent personality.