Research On Water Resources In The North Area Of Henan Province During The Ming And Qing

The Ming and Qing Dynasties has a special position in the history of the development of water conservancy but which is very important. Due to congenital superior natural conditions, Qin River, Ji River, Dan River, Wei River, Huan River, Zhang River, North and South Ming River and other rivers criss crossing the Fu yang River, in the plateau plain transition zone to the nature, mountains, hills, basins and plains, mixed distribution, between the larger gap, as the river weir sluice repair provides natural convenience. The objective reality of seasonal distribution of precipitation and the region is heavily skewed, which resulted in the realistic conditions of local water conservancy development. To the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with the increasing population and decreasing not reclaimed wasteland, resulting in declining per capita arable land area, Tax collection gradually transformed to farmland as the main basis and changed the traditional population as the standard, it is very urgent to improve the yield per unit area of the land. In the north area of Henan Province since ancient times crowded narrow, the contradiction between people and land is becoming more and more prominent and sharp during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This is the social background of the development of local water resources.The development of water conservancy in the north area of Henan Province during the Ming and Qing Dynasties entered into a new stage. In the farmland irrigation, Qin River dredging up old except for the channel, and on the basis of open ditches, canals, such as Liren canal, Guangji canal,Yongli canal, Yuji River and so on; Dan river water diversion channel has gradually increased, to eighteen in early Qing dynasty; Ma Jiam Qiao gate,Zhangjiawan gate, paddy field gate, PeiJia gate and other five gates built Wei River Wei, cited water irrigation rice, restoration; Huan River dredging the Gaoping canal and the new canal irrigation, the scale has been expanded and the system is increasingly perfect:The Fuyang River were created and the west gate, East prong canal gates and other water conservancy facilities. In the embankment dike Qinhe drainage, gradually from the original repair people transition to the official; Wei River due to effect of water transport, the dike has been paid attention; Zhanghe due to migration of no fixed cross-strait dike built along the Yellow River, from time to time; on the north shore of the Yellow River dike Mountain, by the government attaches great importance to; Due to the impact of the Yellow River, Qin Hebei pan, Wuzhi County, Huojia County, Xinxiang county and Ji county area for drainage channel water dispute; The coastal area of Dan River and Wei River, especially in the two counties along the border, the excretion of flood water often disputes, but the overall solution; in other areas, such as the construction of drainage ditches Guangrun Po, Po water discharge that will expand cultivated land. In respect of shipping, state regulation for Wei River, and promote the development of inland river shipping in the Wei River as the core of the social and economic progress and the coast. The Ming and Qing Dynasties in the north area of Henan Province Water Conservancy in the previous generation legacy, but also by the impact of climate change, national policy, local officials and the gentry of the quality and ability of the individual, but due to the special nature of the area, water transport on the Wei River and its tributaries to the rise and fall of the water conservancy development has a decisive role, greatly limiting the Dan River, Wei River,. Along the river for irrigation, but to promote the development of shipping in a certain extent.During the Ming and qing dynasties of the north area of water conservancy in the process of development, some achievements have been obtained at the same time, around the interest distribution in place between the inevitable disputes over water conservancy. On the one hand, because of the uneven distribution of water resources and water resources for the Huaiqing between government under the jurisdiction of Jiyuan county and Hanei County launched a long time struggle, both sides are trying to find strong evidence of their most to prove the legitimacy and legality of the use of water resources; On the other hand, due to poor drainage in order to find the outlet of Dan River, Wei River, Huixian, Xiuwu County, Huojia County, Xinxiang County, Ji county County launched a long struggle, due to the construction of dredging drainage ditches often need to complete cross-border and increases the degree of difficulty, to their own interests as the starting point to for the drainage system of local adverse effects; In this process, the local all sectors of society are involved, because of its prestige in the local gentry and their own social network plays a vital role in the impact of local government by selfish departmentalism and tend to their own interests as a starting point, even at the end of "beggar thy neighbour", is very harmful to the for the area, so it is very necessary, a higher level of government supervision and the pressure of coordinated planning, focus on the whole, the whole area of benefit.