Research On Impacts And System Design Of Carbon And Sulfur Taxes Of Energy-intensive Industry

With the development of economic, China’s environment issue has become more and more prominent. The carbon dioxide emissions in China surpass the. United States and become the largest carbon dioxide emission country in 2006, since than carbon emission in china have been keeping the first. While Carbon emissions continue to increase, hazy weather in China is increasing, and the emerging area continues to expand, the coal-dominated energy structure of China decide that to reduce carbon dioxide emission and hazy weather caused by sulfur dioxide and other polluting gases is a long and difficult process. Faced with the increasingly serious environmental problems, the new Government has given significant attention to ecological environment. Since "ecological civilization construction" has been first proposed in the 18th CPC National Congress, the President Xi Jinping often emphasized the importance of ecological environment in a variety of activities and investigation. The pollution caused by the industrial development is obvious. In all industrial industries, the energy-intensive industries are typical three high industries "high input, high energy consumption and high emissions", which consume a large amount of energy and make the most serious damage to the environment.Energy and environmental issues has caused the awareness of the public and the government, and the government has adopted some measures to deal with these problems, but the development of China’s urbanization still need strong industrial base, and the future trend of industrialization will continue to increase. The products of energy-intensive industries such as electric power, iron and steel, petroleum, cement are necessary for the economic construction, and energy-intensive industries’s development pace can’t greatly slow down. Therefore, how to reduce the damage caused to the environment in the development is the main problem that energy-intensive industries face.This thesis mainly. research impact of environmental taxes on the energy-intensive consuming industries, obtains relative optimal carbon and surphur taxes through analysis of various taxes effect. First introduce the current development of energy-intensive industry, including the development status, energy consumption, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions. Then use the CGE model to simulate taxes impacts on carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions and other socio-economic aspects of national and Hebei, Liaoning, Shangdong and Guangdong province’s energy-intensive industries caused by different scenarios of carbon and surphurtaxes, and obtain the optimum rates under various constraints, make some recommendations for the formulation of carbon and sulfur tax for sustainable development of energy-intensive industries, to exercise the crucial of economic instruments in the air pollution control of energy-intensive industries.The main structure and content of the thesis are as follows:The first part is the introduction, which introduced the background and significance of this study, and reviewed related literature from the aspects of carbon tax and sulfur tax, then explained the innovation and the insufficiency of the paper.The second part introduces the general situation of the development of the energy-intensive industries, respectively from the following aspects:the current development, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions.The third chapter is the design and construction of the energy-intensive industrial environment CGE model. Firstly, introduce the basic principle of the CGE model and the variable parameters in the CGE model. Secondly, present the five modules of the model. Finally, the SAM table of energy-intensive industries is introduced.The forth chapter is the analysis of carbon tax simulation effect and the design of optimum tax rates. Using CGE model to simulate when carbon tax rise from 1 Yuan per ton to 100 Yuan per ton, the change of carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, GDP level, government revenue, output and other economic variables of national, Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong and Guangdong province’s energy-intensive industry. When the carbon tax at the rate of 100 Yuan per ton, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions of national energy intensive industries reduce 8.59 percent, the GDP decreased 3.36 percent; the amount of carbon emissions of Hebei’s energy intensive industries reduce 6.63 percent, the GDP decreased 5.2 percent; the amount of carbon emissions of Liaoning’s energy intensive industries reduce 5.96 percent, the GDP decreased 5.41 percent; the amount of carbon emissions of Shandong energy intensive industries reduce 7.63 percent, the GDP decreased 4.68 percent; the amount of carbon emissions of Guangdong energy intensive industries reduce 7.36 percent, the GDP decreased 3.83 percent. Than choose the tax rates that maximum carbon decrease rate and minimum GDP decrease rate at the grow pace of 5 Yuan per tons and 10 Yuan pertons, list the energy conservation and emissions reduction effect and economic effect explicitly. Finally based on constraint conditions such as carbon reduction rate, GDP, employment of residents, setting single objective and multi-objective combination, to analysis carbon tax rates existed under the different target constraints.The fifth chapter is the analysis of sulfur tax simulation effect and the design of optimum tax rates. Using CGE model to simulate when sulfur tax rise from 10 Yuan per ton to 2000 Yuan per ton, the change of sulfur dioxide emissions, energy consumption, GDP level, government revenue, output and other economic variables of national, Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong and Guangdong province’s energy-intensive industry. When the sulfur tax at the rate of 2000 Yuan per ton, the amount of sulfur dioxide emissions of national energy-intensive industries reduce 19.83 percent, the GDP decreased 3.2percent; the amount of sulfur dioxide emissions of Hebei’s energy-intensive industries reduce 20.62 percent, the GDP decreased 5.6 percent; the amount of sulfur dioxide emissions of Liaoning’s energy-intensive industries reduce 21.4 percent, the GDP decreased 5.883 percent; the amount of sulfur dioxide emissions of Shangdong’s energy-intensive industries reduce 20.41 percent, the GDP decreased 5.47 percent; the amount of sulfur dioxide emissions of Guangdong’s energy-intensive industries reduce 23.52 percent, the GDP decreased 4.1 percent; Than choose the tax rates that maximum sulfur dioxide decrease rate and minimum GDP decrease rate at the grow pace of 50 Yuan per tons and 100 Yuan pertons, list the energy conservation and emissions reduction effect and economic effect explicitly. Finally based on constraint conditions such as sulfur dioxide reduction rate, GDP, employment of residents, setting single objective and multi-objective combination, to analysis sulfur tax rates exist under the different target constraints.The sixth part is the policy suggestion part, according to the results we put forward some suggestions for the development of energy-intensive industry, include promoting the implementation of a carbon tax system rapidly; accelerating the implementation of sulfur taxes; advancing the improvement of environmental laws and regulations; continue to accelerate the development of low-carbon economy; speeding up transformation of economic development pattern and raising the consciousness of environmental protection.