| In order to find out the medicinal plant resources and distribution, we launched an investigation comprehensivly and deeply in Lang Country of Xizang from June 29 to July 7 in 2014. The suggestions of protection and exploration are put forward.In this paper, the following results were:(1)There were 255 species of medicinal plants in Lang County,which belong to60 families, 174 genera. In which 246 species were Angiosperm, belonging to 53 families, 167 genera. 5 were Gymnosperm, belonging to 3 families, 3 genera. 4 were Pteridophyte, belonging to 4 families, 4 genera. Rheum przewalskyi A. Los. ?Oenothera biennis L. and Melilotus alba Medic. ex Desr. were newly distributed of Land Country.(2)According to the medicinal position, the whole herb medicine were the most,which were 127 species, belonging to 38 families, 95 genera; the next was the root and rhizome medicine, which were 75 species, belonging to 32 families, 66 genera;flowers, fruits and seeds used as medicine were less. There were 12 species, which flowers as a medicine, belonging to 8 families, 8 genera; 13 species, which seeds as a medicine, belonging to 8 families, 13 genera; 8 species, which fruits as a medicine,belonging to 6 families, 8 genera.(3)According to drug properties, the neutral were most, there were 123 species,belonging to 44 families, 95 genera; next the cool and cold, the cold were 68 species,belonging to 29 families, 48 genera, the cool were 60 species, belonging to 23 families,48 genera; the warm were the lest, which were 4 species, belonging to 1 families, 4genera.(4)According to the drug flavor, 89 species of medicinal plants taste bitter,belonging to 29 families, 66 genera; 87 species taste sweet, belonging to 35 families,75 genera; 63 species taste acrid, belonging to 25 families, 50 genera; 12 species taste salty, belonging to 4 families, 8 genera; 4 species taste sour, belonging to 3families, 4genera.(5)According to the toxicity, 3 families,4 genera, 4 species were strong toxicity; 9families, 13 genera, 15 species were moderate toxicity; 17 families, 21 genera, 23 species were mild toxicity.(6)133 species of medicinal plants were Tibetan medicine, belonging to 95 genera and 44 families, 50.42% of the total number of medicinal plants in LangCounty.(7)There are 14 national key protect wild plants, among them, 6 species belong to the grade one, 7 species the grade two and 1species the grade three. According to“Chinese pharmacopoeia”, the key medicinal plants are 19 species, the priority protection evaluation are put forword. 5 species are the first-level to priority protection,6 species are the second-level and 7 species are the third-level.(8)The medicinal plants mainly grown in natural grassland, shrub land and forest land in Land Country. There are 186 species in natural grassland, belonging to 46 families, 132 genera; 129 species in forest land, belonging to 47 families, 114 genera;81 species in shrub land, belonging to 38 families, 71 genera.(9) Medicinal plants are mainly distributed in 3000-4800 m in Lang Country. At an antitude of 3000-3600 m, there are 79 species, belonging to 38 families, 69 genera;138 specie, 43 families and 112 genera are in 3600-4200 m, 179 specie, 51 families and 127 genera are in 4200-4800 m.(10)Medicinal plant resources are richness in Lang Country, but excessive and wasteful phenomenon is serious, People's ecological consciousness is weak. In order to the sustainable development of medicinal plants, we need to increase the protection measures of medicinal plants in Lang County. |
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