A Systematic Study Of "Ting"

"Ting" is a common word which is used in high frequency in modern Chinese.In Mandarin and dialects,"Ting" has occurred semantic fading to some extent,but the degree of semantic fading is different.In Mandarin,"Ting" can only be used as a verb.But in some southern dialects,"Ting" has the usage of preposition and conjunction.In my thesis,the theoretical background is the "big triangle "theory,the grammaticalization and other theory.I would like to describe the features of "Ting" in Mandarin and dialects and try to explain the causes of asymmetry phenomenon of"Ting" in Mandarin and dialect from cognitive and diachronic perspectives based on theoretical background.Otherwise,I will summarize the properties of "Ting" in the system of verbs of perception.My study has found:Firstly,in Mandarin,the reason why the verb "Ting" and compound directional complements appear with the asymmetry phenomenon due to the meaning of the"Ting",the original meaning and the degree of semantic fading of the compound directional complements,people,s psychological point of view and so on.And the asymmetry phenomenon of the verb "Ting" occurs in Mandarin and dialects.In addition to the term of "Zhili and Panduan" of the verb "Ting" is not distributed in the dialects,the other three terms of "Ting" in Mandarin are covered by the "Ting" in the dialects,while the "Ting" in the dialects also contains some other terms.It is not only related to the reservation of the diachronic meanings of the verb "Ting",but also to the formation,contact,geographical location of different dialects and the semantic intensity of verbs of perception.Secondly,in Xiang dialect and Wu dialect,"Ting" expressed with the meaning of“Ren or Sui”is not a preposition,but a weak-intensity causative verb.Both the passive preposition "Ting" and the space preposition "Ting" are stemed from the"Ting" expressed with the meaning of "Ren or Sui" in Xiang dialect.Because "Ting" as the weak-intensity causative verb is often used in the And the sentence,after the grammaticalization of the And the sentence,"Ting”will become different types of prepositions based on the semantic of the whole syntactic structure.Thirdly,in Lou-Shao cluster and Chang-yi cluster(Zhuzhou,Xiangtan area)of Xiang dialect,"Ting" can be used as an unconditional conjunction.And as an unconditional conjunction,"Ting" can be replaced with "Sui".Language analogy mechanism,the implicit meaning of "Ting"--" Ron gran g and Rongxu,high frequency use are the common cause of grammaticalization of "Ting" in Xiang dialect and Wu dialect.Fourth,the same point between the Chinese verbs of perception "Ting" and "Kan"is cognition and usage and the difference is mainly manifested in the match of the verb "Shuo".The similarity between the Chinese verbs of perception "Ting" and"Wen" is that both of them are members of auditory verbs of perception.Whereas the difference is manifested in the evolutionary path of semantics.The similarity and difference between "Ting" and "Kan" and "Ting" and "Wen" reflects the generality of the grammatical function and semantic evolution of verbs of perception in different languages.