Study On The Fertility Willingness Of Two Children Of Childbearing Age

China has entered the ranks of low fertility countries in the world,the total fertility rate has been falling also poses a serious problem: the imbalance of the population age structure,especially population aging degree deepening,unbalanced sex ratio at birth,and so on.Facing the challenge of these series of population problems,the " Universal two-child policy " formally implemented on January 1st,2016.The policy has implemented for more than two years,now the expected “blowout" of birth did not appear.In 2017,according to the national bureau of statistics released by China statistical bulletin for national economic and social development,annual birth population is about 17.23 million people,the birth rate was 12.43‰,even less than that of last year to 12.95‰.Women's fertility behavior,consider as the target object of fertility policy directly.Therefore,the author use Nanjing professional women of childbearing age(20 to 49 years of age)as investigation object,select the second child fertility intentions as the theme,through empirical test,especially with the aid of sociology of social gender theory.By using "character bundle" and role strain theory to analyze the factors would affect working women under the background of "comprehensive two children" policy,do they intend to have two children because of this social influence.Through questionnaires and interviews about the intend and willing to have a second child of career women in Nanjing,refer to their performance status and influence factors will be able to get their two children plan,ideal of children's gender,two child birth policy and related social services will and attitude of specific data.On the basis of the effects of age structure,professional type and the characteristics of the units,economic level,the eldest son(female)gender and attitudes,and other aspects of the contact between the two professional women child fertility intentions,combined with professional women's second child will survey,to analyze the influence of the will of career women have two children,and put forward the corresponding policy.This paper finds that in general,the preference of two children in Nanjing professional women is not high,and the gender preference is not obvious,but the gender of the second child is significantly related to the gender of the first child.Different demographic variables have different influences on the fertility desire of professional women,and the willingness of civil servants in government agencies and institutions to have two children is slightly higher than that of other units and professional groups.There is an inverse ratio between the reproductive potential and the age of working women.One-child gender is boy or girl has different influence on whether there are two children plan,"both sons and daughters" concept of fertility is still affecting the willingness of people to breed.Both have a son and a daughter is most people's demands.In addition,there is a difference between people's willingness to have children in different economic classes.The author thinks that the factors of the second child will affect career women much,the main factors include: firstly,the reproductive system lacking of form a complete set,the implementation of the respondents to the current comprehensive two child policy evaluation is not high,the other fertility security system is not perfect,and depth breadth strength is enough.Second,the imbalance when professional women play in the role of "work-family",including child rearing economic pressure,due to heavy housework,women's career development will be hindered at the same time,deepen the conflict when professional women suffer their roles;Third,family members for the second child of attitude and behavior deviation may also affect the second child will to professional women: although spouses have fertility intention,but if there is less participation in parenting father role,father can't share the responsibility of children education and share housework,eldest son may lack of consciousness,pressure from raising children and able can provide the intergenerational tending;Fourth,the supply and demand of medical and education resources have affected to fertility desire of working women.Therefore,the following Suggestions are put forward: first,we should formulate and introduce supportive policies and subsidies,improve the maternity insurance system for women,and define male parenting responsibilities in policies.Second,different parties should share the cost of raising children,for example,enterprises can create a humanized working environment and flexible job scheduling system to balance career women "work-family" dilemma,and alleviate the pressure of the dual role.In addition,we should strengthen publicity and guidance for gender equality,embody gender equity in legislation to set up a friendly social atmosphere for women.Women should also emancipate their minds and make reasonable arrangements for their time.Finally,we should establish and improve the public service system,vigorously develop the public childcare service,and follow up the medical service system as well.