Analysis Of The Threshold Conditions For Human Capital Allocation In The Agricultural Sector

Agricultural modernization is the direction and target of our country's agricultural reform. To develop modern agriculture, we need not only advanced equipment but also the new farmers. Along with the advancement of industrialization and urbanization, a large number of labor transfer to non-agricultural sector, leading a small quantity and poor quality of the aging labor stay in agriculture. Therefore, the study of rural human capital is of great significance.In the past, a large number of scholars explored the rural human capital, they focused on the relationship between human capital and the rural economy, agricultural development and farmers'income, and they got the same conclusion:the influence of human capital in rural areas is positive. Many scholars found that the rural human capital is scarce, and they paid close attention to the question that "who is going to land". But few scholars have studied the method and the condition which can make the human capital reconfigure to the agriculture department, making it play a positive role in rural areas.Different from the existing research, this article attempts to use the threshold condition of the agricultural human capital's configuration for perspective and explore human capital through the two aspects of supply and demand. First of all, the paper started from the aspect of supply, understanded the change of the rural human capital, made the human capital investment as the measure index, and measured our country's rural human capital level in the past 20 years. With the understanding of the farmers' returning willing, we got the conclusion that our country's rural human capital supply is sufficient. Second, turned to the demand side, this paper summarized the theory requirement to the modern agricultural practitioners, and combined with our country's statistics to study the present situation about the agricultural of human capital, the returning rate of human capital and the job gaps in agriculture. Then, analysed the human capital allocation model in agriculture, and got the threshold condition:the department of agriculture human capital's returning rate is at least equal to the non-agricultural sector's, according to the mathematical calculation, got the expression of the threshold value. Using empirical data from the year of 1995 to 2014 in our country, we got the threshold value is 0.90, and the returning of human capital of agricultural in 2014 is 0.08, it is much smaller than the threshold value, so we concluded that it is not the time to make the human capital configure to the agricultural department. Finally, according to the research and analysis in this paper, we listed some policy suggestions, which including to promote the rural land circulation and promote the moderate scale operation in agriculture, to carry out the agricultural employment subsidy program, to perfect the entrepreneurship policy for the returning migrant workers, to stabilize the talent team of agro-technical popularization, to promote the training of farmers, to expand agricultural enrollment scale in colleges and universities, to establish "free agriculture students" mechanism, etc.The conclusion of this paper is that there are both supply and demand for agricultural human capital, but only if the returning in agricultural department is at least equal to the non-agricultural sector's, the human capital will configure to the agriculture, and we got the threshold value is 0.90, but the currently returning rate in agricultural is much smaller than it. Actually, only from the perspective of returning in China, it can't satisfy the conditions to make human capital transfer to agriculture.