Research On Journalism Practice And Ideology Of P' An KongPi In The Republic Of China

P'an Kung-pi(1895-1961),also known as Pan Baotong,came from jiading,Jiangsu(now Shanghai),was a famous news educator during the period of the Republic of China.At that time,the media circles prevailed in the saying"Nan Pan North Zhang":"Nan Pan" is P'an Kung-pi and" North Zhang " is Zhang Jiluan,the lead author of Ta Kung Pao in Tianjin.This shows that P'an Kung-pi 'has great reputation and high status in the Republic of China's press industry.However,academic circles had little research on his journalistic practices and ideas.During the period of the Republic of China,P'an Kung-pi's news practice activities were quite rich,and it can be roughly divided into four stages.In the first stage,from 1913 to 1917,P'an Kung-pi and Shao Piao-ping first stuied in Japan and established Tokyo Communications Corporation.Afterwards,they returned to China and worked in Shanghai as journalists.In 1913,he met with like-minded Shao Piao-ping in Tokyo.This is the starting point for him to join the press.In the second stage,from October 1918 to November 1919,P'an Kung-pi and Shao Piao-ping founded the Beijing News in Beijing and were persecuted by the beiyang government.In the third stage,from December 1919 to July 1937,P'an Kung-pi worked for New Paper on Current Affairs in Shanghai.This period is the heyday of his journalism.While he was presiding over the newspaper,he also extensively participated in various news group activities,made public speeches,and wrote articles for various news journals.He became famous in the poster community.After1926,he served as a professor of journalism at Shanghai National University,Fudan University,and Shanghai University.He became a member of the modern journalism education group in China and trained a large number of journalists.In the fourth stage,the period of the Anti-Japanese War,P'an Kung-pi actively carried out anti-Japanese propaganda activities.In the fifth stage,the period of the Liberation War,P'an Kung-pi successively conducted newspaper activities in Chongqing,Singapore,HongKong and other places.He hosted many newspapers such as the Central Daily News,Sin Chew Daily,and the National Daily.However,he mistakenly stood in the position of the KMT and worked hard for his life.P'an Kung-pi's journalistic ideas mainly include freedom of speech,newspaper commentary,news editorial methodology,and newspaper management ideas.Freedom of speech and newspaper commentary are the core of P'an Kung-pi's journalistic ideas.He believes that freedom of speech is everyone's basic right,but it is not absolute,and it is subject to good laws;freedom of speech is the guarantee for the government to obtain a sound public opinion,and it also helps to maintain the prestige of government;newspapers as the vanguard of defending freedom of speech should not fear the threats and incentives of the outside world.He advocated that newspaper commentary is the soul of the newspaper and the mentors and representatives of the people;in politics,the newspaper commentary can promote the formation of public opinion politics,and the foreign country should shoulder the role of assisting the country in conducting international propaganda.The news editorial methodology and the newspaper management ideology are the specific methods that P'an Kung-pi has formed in the long-term practice of editing news and managing newspapers and have important guiding significance for newspaper practitioners.He starts from the public demand for news,divides the news into news that should be known and news that he wants to know,and proposes editorial news should be centered on the public and meet editorial guidelines for the needs of the general public.At the same time,P'an Kung-pi Proposed editorial news needs to follow four steps:collection,selection,sorting,and editing.In addition,based on the development of the country's newspapers,P'an Kung-pi divided the newspapers into the company's newspaper and Party newspapers.There are significant differences in the internal powers of the board of directors and the recruitment of talents.In the end,P'an Kung-pi pointed out that a newspaper office can only be called a sound newspaper building if it meets five key conditions.During the period of the republic of China,P'an Kung-pi'news practice and ideas had a great social impact.Overall,its influence was basically positive before 1945.It guided and promoted the development of China'newspaper industry,influencing and inspiring many celebrities in the press,and trained a large number of journalists for the press during the Republic of China.But its influence was basically negative during the Liberation War period.During this period,he was reduced to the Kuomintang public opinion as a tool for propaganda and lost his position as an independent reporter.