Selected E-C Translation Of X-Marks:Native Signatures Of Assent(Chapter One) And A Critical Commentary

American Indians are an indispensable group in the history of the United States,who have created splendid civilizations and made great contributions to the rise of modern American civilization.However,Indians in the reservations are now facing many development issues,such as how to protect the traditional Indian culture under the impact of modern civilization.Nowadays,many scholars have focused on the research of the history,identity and living conditions of American Indians.The source text chosen for this translation project is X-Marks:Native Signatures of Assent written by Scott Richard Lyons.This book introduces the complexity of contemporary Indian identity and current debates among Indians about traditionalism,nationalism and tribalism in a systematical and detailed way.So far,there are few books about Indian culture in China.Therefore,this translation project will provide materials for those who are interested in Indian culture and make contributions to North American Indian studies.The Chapter One,"Identity Crisis",is selected for this translation project,which examines the current proliferation of Indian identity controversies,which are regarded as a signifier of a larger identity crisis.In the process of translation,under the theoretical guidance of formal equivalence and functional equivalence proposed by Eugene A.Nida,different translation methods,strategies and skills are employed to reproduce the source culture,accurately convey the messages of the source text and ensure a natural and smooth translation.This translation project consists of two parts:the selected source text and the Chinese translation as well as a critical commentary.Four main sections in the critical commentary include:introduction to the source text,the theoretical guidance for the translation,translation strategies and methods adopted in translation under the guidance of formal equivalence and functional equivalence proposed by Eugene A.Nida and conclusion.Among them,the first section introduces the author of the source text,the source text,the selected text,and the significance of this translation project;the second section introduces the formal equivalence and functional equivalence proposed by Nida;the third section analyzes the examples in the translation with the employment of translation strategies and methods(such as transliteration with footnotes and literal translation with footnotes)and translation skills(such as conversion,addition and division)under the theoretical guidance;and the fourth section presents a conclusion,where a summary of the whole translation project is made,and the qualities that a qualified translation should have,in the translator's opinion,are summarized.