A Research On The Government Strategies Of The Implementation Of The Urban Subsistence Allowances System

Throughout more than 30 years' reform and opening up policy in the past,the cause of socialist construction in our country took economic development as the central task,meanwhile,the socio-economic system slowly changed from the initial planned economy to the market economy.As a result,the living standards of urban residents have been greatly improved,and China is moving forward to building a well-off society in an all-round way.However,the faster the economic development,the greater the gap between the rich and the poor.SOE reform led to a large number of laid-off workers,which increased the employment and life stress of urban residents virtually,and urban poverty affected the harmony and stable development of our society.Therefore,in 1993,Shanghai took the first pilot to implement the system of subsistence allowances for urban residents,and gradually find out a rescue system of minimum living standard which is suitable for China's national conditions.This pilot was different from the past: the urban minimum living standard security system faded traditional grace of the Pied Piper,and quickly turned into a basic livelihood security project which paid attention to the responsibilities and obligations of the government,and the demands of the citizens.Besides,after more than twenty years' development,the urban subsistence allowances system has already achieved some results.However,behind the achievements,the government should attach great importance to the defects and shortcomings in this system.Therefore,to better play the minimum living standard security system into effect in the poverty group,real-time field surveys and experts' suggestions were needed to develop a relatively reasonable subsistence relief system which can adjust to the local conditions.According to these matters,this paper is divided into six parts to discuss about them as follows.The first chapter introduces the purpose and significance of this research,has a brief introduction of the development of urban subsistence allowances system,and makes a comparison research between the domestic and overseas.Second,it gives a brief overview of the samples and data collected in the city of D,Sichuan Province.At last,it describes the core concepts,research methods,and the difficulties and innovation of this paper.The second chapter proposes the evolution process of the system of urban subsistence allowances jurally,then it makes a brief review of the development of the urban subsistence security system,which goes through four stages,that is dormancy and inoculation,exploration and start-up,popularization and promotion,stability and perfection.The third chapter talks about the size of the urban poverty population,their living status,the cause of the poverty,and the most basic means of anti-poverty.The previous two sections specified in the living environment of the operation of urban subsistence allowances at present,and makes an elaboration of the current poverty status of urban residents from their employment,income,consumption,the structure and distribution of the poor,etc.Next,it analyzes the fundamental reasons that cause the poverty,and finally gets the answer: urban subsistence allowances system is the most basic means of anti-poverty,which lays the groundwork of the introduction of Chapter IV.The fourth chapter focuses on the running conditions and the imbalance analysis of urban residents' minimum living standard security system.Section one is a brief overview of the history of the establishment of minimum subsistence guarantee system for urban residents.Section two,regarded the city of D as a case,describes the current operation situation of this system.About the case,it introduces the basic information of the city of D,including the industrial structure,urbanization level,and people's life.It also talks about the assistance level of the urban subsistence allowances system in the city of D,including the scope of coverage,minimum standards in recent years,and so on.Section three enumerates the causes of imbalance in the urban subsistence allowances system from eight aspects.For example,the scope of the residents covered by this system is too narrow,the security line is too low,which did not meet the basic needs of the insured persons in education,health care,entertainment and other aspects;the low income people are difficult to audit;the minimum guarantee system lacks of strict supervision and derives corruption;and this system doesn't pay attention to those low income people's dignity.At the same time,the minimum living standard security system is short of supporting facility,exit mechanism,and social relief.It also lacks of specificity and has no special provisions for special families.Chapter five puts forward some relevant proposals about the imbalance of the minimum guarantee system.It advocates to combine the theory with practice,implement classified relief,improve the mechanism of collecting minimum government subsidy,and strengthen the dynamic management and so forth.The last chapter is about the conclusion and the prospect of this research.It describes the origin,causes,and countermeasures of the urban minimum living standard security system,and summarizes that under the guide of the government,only the low income people do self-help can they truly get rid of poverty.Meanwhile,this paper lists some resolved and unresolved issues of this system.It particularly mentions that the current minimum guarantee system only focuses on the material security of the low income people,but neglects the spiritual security.Only combine the two guarantees together can make a better development of this urban subsistence allowances system.On the research prospects,it indicates that the government should provide policy,platform and space to establish the sustainable development of minimum security system.The security contents pay attention to not only the material guarantee,but also the spiritual guarantee.What's more,it should consider the development.